{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1347721"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1347721/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JH7735/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JH7735/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2016JH7735","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1347721","accessionNumber":"E.2777-2016","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Werkstatt Edition Kroll","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Georg Nees (1926-2016) is considered one of the founders of computer art and graphics. He was also one of the first people to exhibit his computer graphics, at the studio gallery of the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart in February 1965. Nees studied mathematics and physics at the universities of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Stuttgart. He subsequently worked for Siemens as a software engineer, and was instrumental in their purchasing a 'Zuse Graphomat', a drawing machine operated by computer-generated punched tape. The machine was capable of creating geometric patterns and, although the programming language that Nees used (ALGOL) was designed specifically for scientific computers, Nees used it to create aesthetic images such as this one. \r\nIn 1969 he received his doctorate on the subject of Generative Computer Graphics under Max Bense, the German philosopher and writer.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Yellow silkscreen with a central black cross and extended diagonal lines created the optical effect of surface depth","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Georg Nees","id":"A21872"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT253822"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"}],"techniques":[{"text":"silkscreen","id":"x39213"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Screenprint after a computer-generated artwork programmed on a Siemens System 4004 and drawn on a Zuse-Graphomat flatbed drawing machine.","categories":[{"text":"Computer Art","id":"THES49037"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2016JH7735"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLE","id":"THES49657"},"free":"","case":"DA","shelf":"2","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":"x39213"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1970","earliest":"1970-01-01","latest":"1970-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"49.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"69.7","unit":"","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Silkscreen print by Georg Nees, published by Werkstatt Edition Kroll, 1970","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Arreola, P., Gardner, C. and Lenz, M. Digital Art: 1960s - Now. London: Thames & Hudson with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 2024,","id":"AUTH407700"},"details":"p. 36, fig 21.","free":""}],"production":"Published by Werkstatt-Edition Kroll","productionType":{"text":"Limited edition","id":"THES48862"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.2777-2016"],"accessionNumberNum":"2777","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2016,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-09","recordCreationDate":"2016-03-29","availableToBook":false}}