{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O134680"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O134680/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BX9895/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BX9895/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009BX9895","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O134680","accessionNumber":"LOAN:I A SURVEY.3","objectType":"Panel fragment","titles":[{"title":"The Stein Collection","type":"named collection"}],"summaryDescription":"This wooden fragment of a painted panel depicts a Buddha head looking to its right. The colours are well-preserved. The skin is yellow; the eyebrows, upper eyelids and the hair are black; the outlines of the face and halo are red; the background is crimson. This object was excavated from a ruined Buddhist shrine at the site of Khadalik, which lies between Khotan and Keriya on the southern branch of the Silk Road in Xinjiang, China.\r\n\r\nThe Victoria and Albert Museum has more than 70 ceramic fragments and fragments of Buddhist sculptures, as well as around 600 ancient and medieval textiles recovered by Sir Marc Aurel Stein (1862-1943) during his second expedition (1906-8) into Chinese Central Asia, where he once again visited and excavated sites on the southern Silk Road, before moving eastwards to Dunhuang.  At Dunhuang, he studied and excavated the Han-dynasty watchtowers to the north of the town, as well as the Mogao cave temples to the southeast, where he acquired material from the Library Cave. From there he moved on to the northern Silk Road, stopping briefly at Turfan sites but not carrying out any excavations. He made a perilous north-south crossing of the Taklamakan desert in order to hasten to Khotan where he excavated more ancient sites, before finishing off his expedition with surveying in the Kunlun Mountains.","physicalDescription":"Wooden fragment of a painted panel. It depicts a Buddha head looking to its right. The colours are well-preserved. The skin is yellow; the eyebrows, upper eyelids and the hair are black; the outlines of the face and halo are red; the background is crimson.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wood","id":"AAT11914"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted wood","categories":[{"text":"Woodwork","id":"THES48877"},{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2009BX9895"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"006","id":"THES398904"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Khadalik","id":"x37791"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 6th century","earliest":"0495-01-01","latest":"0604-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Stein Loan Collection. On loan from the Government of India and the Archaeological Survey of India. Copyright: Government of India","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"15.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"6.35","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Thickness","value":"1.27","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Excavated from the remains of a Buddhist shrine.","historicalContext":"Khadalik lies between Khotan and Keriya on the southern branch of the Silk Road. Here Stein discovered remains of a number of Buddhist shrines. Inside several temples were elaborate murals depicting Buddhist deities, large statues with traces of gilding, reliefs and painted panels. Large numbers of Buddhist texts were found among the ruins, including pothi, religious books of Indian origin, written in Sanskrit, wooden tablets and sticks covered in Tibetan writing, and fragments of documents deposited as votive offerings. Other votive gifts included numerous small pagodas and moulded Buddha figures. Strings of Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) copper coins, left as offerings near Buddha statues, were taken by Stein as evidence that the site had been abandoned in the eight century AD. The V&A holds, on loan, from Khadalik, pieces of woven plant fibres, wool felt and twill; and plaster-covered woven fabric, which may have functioned as stucco backing.","briefDescription":"Fragment of wooden panel, China.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stein, Marc Aurel.<u>Serindia: detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China</u>. Oxford: Clarendon, 1921, vol. 1, p.170"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Buddha","id":"N5274"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["LOAN:I A SURVEY.3"],"accessionNumberNum":"3","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:I A SURVEY","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Stein number","id":"THES50251"},"number":"Kha.i.42"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-01","recordCreationDate":"2007-05-14","availableToBook":false}}