{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O13437"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O13437/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BR2718/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BR2718/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2007BR2718","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BR2705","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BR2702","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AY2080","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AY2079","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024PA4147","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JU6217","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB4873","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O13437/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O13437","accessionNumber":"M.205:1 to 3-1925","objectType":"Pomander","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This pomander opens up into four small segments which would originally have held spices or perfumes. The pomander itself would hang from a long belt or girdle which encircled the waist or hips. Romantic inscriptions and imagery on girdles show that they were sometimes used as courtship or marriage gifts. Medieval Jewish marriage ceremonies included a formal exchange of girdles between spouses and Czech bridegrooms around 1500 are recorded as giving girdles to their new wives.  This pomander may also have been a gift of love: the inscriptions on the internal segments record the story of the Judgment of Paris in which Paris was required to choose which of the three goddesses, Juno, Venus and Minerva was the most beautiful. The result of his choice set the Trojan War in motion. \n\n","physicalDescription":"Pomander shaped as an apple, of silver, silver gilt, and niello. The sections of the body of the pomander are held in place by a pin with a screw section at the top, the whole attached to an octagonal gadrooned head to which is hinged a quatrefoil handle. Inscriptions run around the edge of each section relating to the Judgement of  Paris, the interior and exterior decoration of scrolling foliage and geometric patterns.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"gilt","id":"x30367"},{"text":"niello","id":"x40185"}],"techniques":[{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Partially gilded silver, niello","categories":[{"text":"Personal accessories","id":"THES48912"},{"text":"Jewellery","id":"THES48930"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2007BR2718","2007BR2705","2007BR2702","2006AY2080","2006AY2079","2024PA4147","2017JU6217","2017KB4873"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"91","id":"THES49703"},"free":"","case":"11","shelf":"C","box":"7"},{"current":{"text":"91","id":"THES49703"},"free":"","case":"11","shelf":"C","box":"7"},{"current":{"text":"91","id":"THES49703"},"free":"","case":"11","shelf":"C","box":"7"},{"current":{"text":"014","id":"THES412322"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Pomander","id":""}],[{"text":"Segment","id":""}],[{"text":"Lid","id":""}],[{"text":"chain","id":"AAT14625"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Italy","id":"x28927"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1350","earliest":"1345-01-01","latest":"1354-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Francis Reubell Bryan","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"6.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimension refers to pomander when closed","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Segment 1: \r\nCover: IUNO \r\nBorder: PRO. POMI. DONO. PARIS. AGE(?). PAREM. TIBI. DONO ","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Juno\r\nCome, Paris, for the gift of an apple, I give you a spouse.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Segment 2: \r\nCover: VENVS\r\nBorder: SENSV. DIVES. ERIS. SI. ME. DITEI. DECVS. ERIS. ","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Venus\r\nYou shall be rich in delight, if, the prize being mine, you become my consort. ","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Segment 3:\r\nCover: PALAS\r\nBorder: SE. DANT. REGNA. REGI. MICHI. SI. FA(V)EAS. TIBI. REGI","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Pallas (Minerva)\r\nKingdoms shall be yours to rule as King if you favour me. ","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Segment 4:\r\nCover: PARIS\r\nBorder: EST. MAGIS. ORE. VENUSTA. CAUSA. PATET. IUSTA. VEN. ","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Paris\r\nVenus is the loveliest, her claim is clearly just. ","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Londesborough and Wyndham Cook Collections, Francis Reubell Bryan Bequest funds used to purchase the pomander from Durlacher Bros. New Bond Street.  Shown in Leeds Exhibition, 1868. \r\nSold at the Humphrey W. Cook sale at Christies', July 10 1925, lot 434.  Sold at the Londesborough Sale at Christies', 8 May 1884, lot 137 (wrongly described as from the Bernal collection). ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Pomander of partially gilded silver and niello, made in Italy, 1300-1400","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Campbell, Marian, <u>Medieval Jewellery in Europe 1100-1500</u>, London, V&A Publishing, 2009, p.68, fig.68"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lightbown, R.W., <u> Mediaeval European Jewellery </u>, London 1992, cat. no. 84, pp. 335-7, 529 -30"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schiedlausky, G., Vom Bisamapfel zur Vinaigrette: Zur Geschichte der Duftgefässe. <u>Kunst und Antiquitäten, 4, 1985, pp. 28-38."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Ajmar-Wollheim, Marta and Dennis, Flora  <u>At Home in Renaissance Italy</u>, London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 2006, cat. 197, pp. 185 and 364"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Brilliant, Virginia. 'Pomander'. Catalogue entry in <u>A Feast for the Senses: Art and Experience in Medieval Europe</u>, ed. Martina Bagnoli.  Catalogue of the exhibition held at the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, October 16, 2016 - January 8, 2017 and at the John and  Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, February 4 - April 30, 2017. Baltimore: The Walters Art Museum  / New Haven: Yale  University Press, 2016. ISBN 9780300222951"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Catalogue of the Art Collections of Mr Wyndham H. Cook</u>, 1905, p. 97, no. 446"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"A. H. Church, <u>The Portfolio</u>, Vol. XVII, p. 166, fig. 2"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Burlington Fine Arts Club Loan Exhibition Catalogue</u>, 1901, p. 181, cat. no. 9, pl. XX"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"POMANDER with the Judgement of Paris\r\nAbout 1380-1420\r\nThis may have been a love token, which a woman would wear hanging from a chain at her waist. The segments refer to the Judgement of Paris, when he had to decide which of the goddesses Juno, Venus and Minerva was the most beautiful. Paris chose Venus, here given the words: \"Venus is the loveliest, her claim is clearly just\".\r\nItaly\r\nPartially gilded silver, decorated with niello (black composition)\r\nFrancis Reubell Bryan Bequest","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["M.205:1-1925","M.205:2-1925","M.205:3-1925","M.205:4-1925"],"accessionNumberNum":"205","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1925,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Pomander","Segment","Lid"],"assets":["2017JU8019","2019LN5875","2019LN5559","2019LR1779","2019LP3270","2019LT6053","2019LT5185","2019LU3553","2019LX0211","2019LW1276"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-09-18","recordCreationDate":"1999-12-15","availableToBook":false}}