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These practical smocks usually made of linen or linen mixed fabrics often featured smocking and other forms of embroidery. Later in the century they fell from favour as a farming garment because of a range of factors including the rise of mechanisation. Smocks, especially the long kinds, posed the risk of getting caught in machinery and causing harm or death. \r\n \r\nAround the end of the century the smock was taken up by artistic circles, again as a simultaneously utilitarian and decorative garment. It was embraced in particular for childrenswear and by artists, who used long smocks or overalls, usually in hardwearing linen, to protect the clothes worn underneath. Many of these artists were women. In late 19th-century Britain, increasing numbers of women trained in different types of artistic production, from painting to ceramics, metalwork and embroidery. Smocks also appealed within these circles because of their links with handcraft and tradition, central ideals of connected turn-of-the-century movements such as Arts and Crafts and Artistic dress reform. Shorter, more robust versions of the smock became part of the uniforms worn by women in the Land Army of the First World War. \r\n \r\nThis full-length British womenswear smock made from unbleached linen featuring smocking is from around 1900. The generous sleeves, sweeping skirt and buttons only at the upper back were designed to allow for freedom of movement, another ideal for dress reformers rebelling against fashionable Victorian womenswear, aspects of which could be tight and restrictive. Artists’ smocks, like their forerunners, could be either quite plain or elaborate (V&A T.6-2021 features embroidery in purples and greens). \r\n ","physicalDescription":"A woman's smock or overall of unbleached linen, with smocking stitches gathering front and back panels to the yoke. Voluminous sleeves gathered in at the ends. Buttons at the back and the ends of the sleeves. Most of the back is open. Front panel of linen measures 86cm. ","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"linen","id":"x29412"}],"techniques":[{"text":"smocking","id":"x40311"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Linen, smocking","categories":[{"text":"Clothing","id":"THES48975"},{"text":"Womenswear","id":"THES49044"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"T&F","id":"THES48601"},"images":["2025PG1181","2025PG1182","2025PG1183","2024NY2375","2024NY0639","2024NY0638","2024NY0637","2024NY0636","2024NY0634","2024NY0633","2024NY0631","2024NY0628","2024NY0632","2024NY0627","2024NY0626","2016HY5041","2018KV6753","2021NB7167","2021NB7168","2021NB7169","2021NB7170","2021NB7171","2021NB7172","2021NB7174","2021NB7148"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"BY009","id":"THES404141"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"smock","id":"AAT216050"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Great Britain","id":"x32019"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c.1900","earliest":"1895-01-01","latest":"1904-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Annette Carruthers","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"125","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"21/07/2021","earliest":"2021-07-21","latest":"2021-07-21"},"part":"shoulder to hem","note":"Measured by conservation"},{"dimension":"Circumference","value":"155","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"19/11/2015","earliest":"2015-11-19","latest":"2015-11-19"},"part":"hem","note":"From edge to edge of centre back opening"},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"0.44","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"65","unit":"cm","qualifier":"Maximum","date":{"text":"21/07/2021","earliest":"2021-07-21","latest":"2021-07-21"},"part":"Sleeve","note":"Measured by conservation"},{"dimension":"Circumference","value":"18","unit":"cm","qualifier":"Maximum","date":{"text":"21/07/2021","earliest":"2021-07-21","latest":"2021-07-21"},"part":"Sleeve cuff, closed","note":"Measured by conservation"}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"This artist's smock is similar to those seen in photographs of women artists and painters. Such overalls to protect clothing were requesred by women active in creative professions. Other types of overalls were also worn for housework and practical tasks, and shorter, robust versions became part of the uniforms worn by women in the Land Army of the First World War. ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Long cream linen smock with full sleeves, buttons and smocking; Britain, about 1900.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Alison Toplis. <i>The Hidden History of the Smock Frock</i>. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2021. (This book is not about the V&A smock T.130-2015, but provides context about smocks) "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["T.130-2015"],"accessionNumberNum":"130","accessionNumberPrefix":"T","accessionYear":2015,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-11-20","recordCreationDate":"2015-11-04","availableToBook":false}}