{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O131366"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O131366/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH7446/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH7446/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BH7446","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O131366/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O131366","accessionNumber":"P.31-1938","objectType":"Oil painting","titles":[{"title":"Study of a Horse's Head","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"A study of a horse's head.This work is part of an album of fifty-three sketches by Carlevarijs which includes animals and figures he appears to have painted from life in preparation for insertion into formal compositions.","physicalDescription":"A study of a horse's head. This work is part of an album of fifty-three sketches by Carlevarijs which includes figures, objects and animals he appears to have painted from life in preparation for insertion into formal compositions.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Carlevarijs, Luca","id":"A18624"},"association":{"text":"painter (artist)","id":"AAT25136"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"oil paint","id":"AAT15050"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"oil painting","id":"AAT178684"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Oil on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"}],"styles":[{"text":"Venetian School","id":"x36536"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006BH7446"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304487"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"oil paintings","id":"AAT33799"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1700-ca. 1710","earliest":"1695-01-01","latest":"1714-12-31"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Purchased from the funds of Captain H. B. Murray's bequest.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"20.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimate","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"21.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimate","note":""},{"dimension":"","value":"","unit":"","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"Measurement taken at time of assessment prior to BH decant - Frame Dimensions (mm): H-620 W-511 D-37;\nPainting Dimensions (mm): not measured"}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from <i>Catalogue of Foreign Paintings, I. Before 1800</i>, C.M. Kauffmann, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1973","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased, 1938\n\nHistorical significance: This study of a horses head is one of Carlevarijs’ oil sketches known as <i>macchiette</i>, the quick sketches he made with daubs of colour to indicate animated animals or figures.  Carlevarijs first drew the figures on paper, copying them from life and then transformed them into lively oil sketches, such as this one, which represent a crucial part of his artistic process. Studies such as these would ultimately form part of a Venetian <i>veduta</i> or prospect painting, which is a genre Carlevarijs is generally credited with establishing in the eighteenth century. He populated his <i>vedute</i> with animals and elegantly posed  well-dressed figures, concealing the decline of the Republic under the splendour of the pageants, festivals and regattas he often represented. Carlevarijs' sketches also demonstrate his great influence on Canaletto, whose figures and their arrangement often show a marked debt to the older Master.","historicalContext":"This work is part of an album of fifty-three sketches by Carlevarijs which includes figures and animals he appears to have painted in the open air in preparation for insertion into formal compositions. These subjects appear frequently and virtually without variations in his paintings between 1707 and 1726 and are closely related to his etchings of 1703 in <i>Le fabriche e vedute di Venetia</i>.  Composed of 104 views of Venice, the etchings formed the most complete survey of the fabric of the city ever produced and served as a model for Venetian view painters throughout the 18th century.   As Carlevarijs stated in the dedication to <i>Le fabriche,</i> he intended his paintings to <i>'rendere più facile alla notitzia de Paesi stranieri le Venete Magnificenze'</i> [render more clearly the magnificence of Venice to foreign countries]","briefDescription":"Oil sketch, 'Study of a Horse's Head', Luca Carlevarijs, early 18th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Kauffmann, C.M., <i>Catalogue of Foreign Paintings, I. Before 1800</i>, London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1973, p. 56-63, cat. no. 60 (P.26-1938 - P.78-1938)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"John Pope-Hennessy, 'A Group of Studies by Luca Carlevarijs', <i>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</i>, Vol. 73, No. 426 (Sep., 1938), pp. 126-131."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Anon., 'Early Venetian Costume Studies' in <i>Listener,</i>22 September 1938, p. 613."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"F. Mauroner, <i>Luca Carlevarijs,</i>2nd ed., 1945, p. 24, figs. 32 (P.57), 33 (P.55), 34 (P.69)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"M. Levey, <i>Painting in XVIII century Venice,</i> 1959, p. 79."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"W. G. Constable, <i>Canaletto,</i>i, 1962, pp. 70, 73 f., pl. 9 a (P.69) and b (P.55)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"A.\tRizzi, <i>Disegni, incisioni e bozzetti del Carlevarijs,</i> Exh. Cat. Udine, 1964, pp. 53-7, figs. 113-20."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<i>The Glory of Venice : art in the eighteenth century.</i> Jane Martineau and Andrew Robison (eds.), Exhibition held at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, September 15 - December 14, 1994 and at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., January 29 - April 23, 1995."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<i>Life in XVIII century Venice,</i> Iveagh Bequest, Kenwood, 1966."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"A. Rizzi, <i>Luca Carlevarijs,</i>1967, p. 97 f., figs. 1-53 (Bozzetti)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Isabella Reale and Dario Succi, <i>Luca Carlevarijs e la veduta veneziana del Settecento</i> Exh. Cat., Milano : Electa, c1994."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<i>Venice, 1700-1800: an exhibition of Venice and the eighteenth century</i> (The Detroit Institute of Arts [and] John Herron Art Museum), 1952."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<i>Luca Carlevarijs, Le fabriche e vedute di Venetia</i> Exh. Cat., Venezia : Marsilio, 1995-1996."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Charles Beddington, <i>Luca Carlevarijs : views of Venice</i> Exh. Cat. (San Diego, Calif.: Timken Museum of Art, c. 2001)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1938</u>, London: Board of Education, 1939."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"horse","id":"x34864"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["P.31-1938"],"accessionNumberNum":"31","accessionNumberPrefix":"P","accessionYear":1938,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2007-02-06","availableToBook":true}}