{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O130282"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O130282/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AY3922/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AY3922/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AY3922","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O130282/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O130282","accessionNumber":"1017-1900","objectType":"Towel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The name usually given in English to textiles like these is 'Perugia towels', deriving from <font i>tovaglie perugine. Tovaglia </font i> is usually translated as tablecloth, and <font i>tovagliolo</font i> as napkin, but their use was in both ecclesiastical and secular contexts. Their function included napkin and table cover, as well as altar cloth and sacristy hand towel. They were woven in mixed twill, ofter diaper, with white linen warp and weft, and had the characteristic feature of bands of pattern created with a supplementary weft of cotton, almost always dyed blue with indigo or woad, though occasionally in red or brown. \r\n\r\nAn inventory of 1482 describes two napkins being '...in the style of Perugia' (<font i>banbagia a la perugina</font i>)so the association of such blue-banded textiles with this region may date back to at least the 15th century.","physicalDescription":"Linen towel","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Woven cotton and linen","categories":[{"text":"Textiles","id":"THES48885"},{"text":"Household objects","id":"THES48939"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"T&F","id":"THES48601"},"images":["2006AY3922"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"016","id":"THES311350"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Towel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Italy","id":"x28927"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"15th century to 16th century","earliest":"1400-01-01","latest":"1600-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Dudley Myers","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"151.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"56.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"woven linen, 1400-1500s, Italian; Perugia, bands blue linen, animals castles birds","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Ajmar-Wollheim, Marta and Flora Dennis, <i>At Home in Renaissance Italy</i>, London: V&A Publishing, 2006.","id":"AUTH347593"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Towel, Known as a Perugia Towel\r\n15th or 16th century\r\n\r\nLinen towels, often with woven decoration, came in a variety of sizes to perform different functions. Contemporary letters refer to towels ‘for wiping the sweat off your face’ or ‘to put round your shoulders when you comb your hair’. People did not wash their hair, but rubbed it with substances like bran and used combs or a cloth to remove them. [61 words]\r\n\r\nItaly\r\nWoven linen and cotton\r\n\r\nV&A: 1017-1900","date":{"text":"5 Oct 2006 - 7 Jan 2007","earliest":"2006-10-05","latest":"2007-01-07"}}],"partNumbers":["1017-1900"],"accessionNumberNum":"1017","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1900,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN4600","2019LR0721","2019LT2400","2019LW1238"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2006-12-18","availableToBook":true}}