{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O129244"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O129244/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GM2789/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GM2789/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GM2789","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AW3714","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O129244/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O129244","accessionNumber":"E.1076-1922","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This print combines images of monsters which are part human, part bird, men with the legs and feet of animals, disembodied animal parts as well as natural objects such as an animal skull, foliage and a shells. The composition is not strictly symmetrical but is certainly balanced with the two creatures flanking the top and the centre of the print having the same size and relative position. \r\n\r\nThis kind of subject matter (known as grotesque) first appeared in Italian prints in the first decades of the sixteenth century although it had been seen in painting and drawing in the decades immediately before 1500. The grotesque style took its name from the painted and stucco decoration of the palace of Emperor Nero in Rome which was first excavated in the 1480s. Some examples of the grotesque closely resemble ancient Roman wall painting but in some instances artists seem also to have used their own imagination.","physicalDescription":"Ornamental panel with at the bottom two satyrs, in the middle two sphinxes and at the top (centre) the head and front legs of an ox.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Veneziano, Agostino","id":"A39432"},"association":{"text":"Engraver","id":"x30810"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving (printing process)","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraving on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Ornament prints","id":"THES49038"}],"styles":[{"text":"Renaissance","id":"AAT21140"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2013GM2789","2006AW3714"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"EO","shelf":"123","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Rome","id":"x29106"},"association":{"text":"Engraved","id":"AAT53225"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1520","earliest":"1515-01-01","latest":"1524-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Engraved","id":"AAT53225"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"23.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"cut to","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"18.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"cut to","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"From Miller (1999), p. 78:\r\nThe impressions described by Bartsch and in the Amsterdam and Escorial collections are from a later edition issued by Antonio Salamanca.","historicalContext":"This print brings together a range of fantastical creatures, animal parts, fish, natural and man-made objects, in a tall, almost-symmetrical composition. It combines a strong horizontal element near the top with artfully swirling drapery and hanging ropes supporting stylised cameos, jewels and lamps. \r\n\r\nThis is an early printed example of a style known as the grotesque. It took its name from the painted and stucco decoration of the palace of Emperor Nero in Rome. Some examples of the grotesque closely resemble ancient Roman wall painting but some early sixteenth-century artists particularly those around the painter Raphael, of whom this artist was one, seem also to have used their own imagination.","briefDescription":"Grotesque ornamental panel, engraving by Agostino dei Musi. ca 1520","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Miller, Elizabeth. <u>16th century Italian ornament prints in the Victoria and Albert Museum</u>. London, 1999. p.78 (cat. 23)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bartsch, A., <u>Le Peintre-Graveur</u>, 21 vols, Vienna, 1803-21, vol. XIV, 559."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Guilmard, D., <u>Les Maîtres Ornemanistes</u>, Paris, 1880-1881, p.285, no. 16."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Berlin, <u>Katalog der Ornamentstich-Sammlung der Staatlichen Kunstbibliothek Berlin</u>, Berlin and Leipzig, 1939, 526(1)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Berliner, R.  and Egger, G., <u>Ornamentale Vorlageblätter des 15. bis 19. Jahrhunderts</u>, 3 vols, Munich, 1981, 242."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"de Jong, M. and de Groot, I., <u>Ornamentprenten in het Rijksprentenkabinet I, 15de & 16de eeuw</u>, 's-Gravenhage, 1988, 647."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Fuhring, P., 'Ornament Prints in Amsterdam' (Review of M. de Jong and I. de Groot, <u>Ornamentprenten in het Rijksprentenkabinet I, 15de & 16de eeuw</u>) in <u>Print Quarterly</u>, vol. VI, no. 3, September 1989, pp.322-34, no. 647."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"González de Zárate, J.M., <u>Real Colección de Estampas de San Lorenzo de El Escorial</u>, 10 vols, Vitoria-Gastiez, 1992-5, vol. VIII, 55.(3229)."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"swag","id":"AAT204891"},{"text":"bulls (animal)","id":"x30279"},{"text":"scallop shell","id":"AAT167875"},{"text":"monster","id":"x39230"},{"text":"mask","id":"x30067"},{"text":"acanthus","id":"AAT164902"},{"text":"wreaths (costume accessories)","id":"AAT220784"},{"text":"satyrs","id":"x35233"},{"text":"dolphin (animal)","id":"x30140"},{"text":"cornucopia","id":"x30065"},{"text":"bucrania","id":"AAT30853"},{"text":"cameos","id":"AAT47261"},{"text":"Sphinxes","id":"x30260"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1076-1922"],"accessionNumberNum":"1076","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1922,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2006-11-16","availableToBook":false}}