{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O128115"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O128115/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BK4678/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BK4678/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BK4678","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BK4677","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JV3670","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MA8409","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O128115/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O128115","accessionNumber":"REPRO.A.1936-2","objectType":"Standing Cross","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The original cross stood at the head of the grave of Acca, Bishop of Hexham, in Hexham Abbey. Although the cross was weathered and incomplete when this cast was made, the intricately carved vines and scrollwork are still visible. The cast workroom at the V&A produced the copy in 1936. It was one of the last plaster casts to be specially made for the Cast Courts by the Museum.\r\n\r\n","physicalDescription":"Plaster cast of standing cross (Acca's Cross) from Hexham Abbey, Northumbria. Although the cross was weathered and incomplete when this cast was made, the intricately carved vines and scrollwork are still visible.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"V&A","id":"AUTH347589"},"association":{"text":"cast-maker","id":"x41023"},"note":"Copy made in cast making workshop"}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"plaster","id":"AAT14922"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted plaster cast","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Plaster Cast","id":"THES270451"},{"text":"Cast Courts","id":"THES280650"},{"text":"Copies and Facsimiles","id":"THES253072"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2006BK4678","2006BK4677","2017JV3670","2019MA8409"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"46A (VA)","id":"THES49799"},"free":"","case":"FS","shelf":"C","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Copy of a Standing Cross","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Copy"},{"place":{"text":"Hexham","id":"x33391"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Original"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1936","earliest":"1936-01-01","latest":"1936-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Copy"},{"date":{"text":"ca. 740","earliest":"0735-01-01","latest":"0744-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Original"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","value":"37","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"base","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"28","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"base","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Cast of a standing cross (Acca's Cross) in plaster made in the Workshop of the Department for the Sale of Casts at the V&A, London in 1936. The original was made from sandstone about 740 and stood at the head of the grave of Acca, Bishop of Hexham in Hexham Abbey, it is now in the south transept of the Abbey.","historicalContext":"Making plaster copies is a centuries-old tradition that reached the height of its popularity during the 19th century. The V&A's casts are of large-scale architectural and sculptural works as well as small scale, jewelled book covers and ivory plaques, these last known as fictile ivories. \r\n\r\nThe Museum commissioned casts directly from makers and acquired others in exchange. Oronzio Lelli, of Florence was a key overseas supplier while, in London, Giovanni Franchi and Domenico Brucciani upheld a strong Italian tradition as highly-skilled mould-makers, or formatori.\r\n\r\nSome casts are highly accurate depictions of original works, whilst others are more selective, replicating the outer surface of the original work, rather than its whole structure. Like a photograph, they record the moment the cast was taken: alterations, repairs and the wear and tear of age are all reproduced in the copies. The plasters can also be re-worked, so that their appearance differs slightly from the original from which they were taken.\r\n\r\nTo make a plaster cast, a negative mould has to be taken of the original object. The initial mould could be made from one of several ways. A flexible mould could be made by mixing wax with gutta-percha, a rubbery latex product taken from tropical trees. These two substances formed a mould that had a slightly elastic quality, so that it could easily be removed from the original object. Moulds were also made from gelatine, plaster or clay, and could then be used to create a plaster mould to use for casting. \r\nWhen mixed with water, plaster can be poured into a prepared mould, allowed to set, and can be removed to produce a finished solid form. The moulds are coated with a separating or paring agent to prevent the newly poured plaster sticking to them. The smooth liquid state and slight expansion while setting allowed the quick drying plaster to infill even the most intricate contours of a mould. \r\nFlatter, smaller objects in low relief usually require only one mould to cast the object. For more complex objects, with a raised surface, the mould would have to be made from a number of sections, known as piece-moulds. These pieces are held together in the so-called mother-mould, in order to create a mould of the whole object. Once the object has been cast from this mother-mould, the piece-moulds can be easily removed one by one, to create a cast of the three-dimensional object.","briefDescription":"Plaster cast of a standing cross with intricatley carved vines and scrollwork made in the Workshop of the Department for the Sale of Casts at the V&A in 1936. The original was made about 740.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"Northumbrian","productionType":{"text":"Copy","id":"THES48865"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"cross","id":"x31528"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Cast of\r\nUnknown artist\r\nStanding Cross (Acca’s Cross)\r\nAbout 740\n\nThe original cross stood at the head of the grave of Acca, Bishop of Hexham, in Hexham Abbey. Although the cross was weathered and incomplete when this cast was made, the intricately carved vines and scrollwork are still visible. The cast workroom at the V&A produced the copy in 1936. It was one of the last plaster casts to be specially made for the Cast Courts by the Museum.\n\nCast\r\n1936\r\nPainted plaster\r\nMade in the Workshop of the Department for the Sale of Casts at the V&A, London\r\nMuseum no. Repro.A.1936-2\n\nOriginal\r\nSandstone\r\nHexham Abbey, Hexham, Northumbria (now in the south transept)","date":{"text":"21/06/2018","earliest":"2018-06-21","latest":"2018-06-21"}},{"text":"The original Anglo-Saxon cross formerly stood at the head of the grave of Acca, Bishop of Hexham (709-32; d. 740), in Hexham Abbey, and now stands in the South transept of Hexham Abbey, Hexham, Northumbria. Although much weathered, and incomplete, the original extraordinarily  intricately carved vines and scrollwork are clearly visible. This cast was produced in the Cast Workroom at the V&A in 1936, and is one of the last plasters to be specially made for the Cast Courts by the Museum.\r\n\r\nHolly Trusted","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["REPRO.A.1936-2"],"accessionNumberNum":"2","accessionNumberPrefix":"REPRO.A","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2006-09-29","availableToBook":false}}