{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O127902"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127902/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF8563/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF8563/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AF8563","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF8462","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O127902/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O127902","accessionNumber":"C.30-1935","objectType":"Bowl","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Chinese connoisseurs describe the glaze on this bowl as 'hare's fur glaze'. The design of flying phoenixes in brown was created using the resist method. The potter stuck  paper-cut images to the first layer of glaze on the bowl and fixed them with a second glaze layer. The paper burnt away in the kiln, leaving an outline impression.","physicalDescription":"Tea drinking underwent a drastic change in tenth-century China, as a result of which two cities in the south started making dark-glazed tea bowls. These were Jianyang and Jizhou (where this unusually large bowl was made), in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces respectively. Prior to this the Chinese drank steeped tea and men of fine taste recommended drinking from a green bowl. When powdered tea replaced leaf tea as the standard drink, black or brown tea bowls were deemed more suitable. The drinker would first pour boiling water on the powdered tea and then use a bamboo whisk to whip up a rich froth which looked very appealing against the dark glaze.\r\n\r\nDark-glazed tea bowls usually have thick walls so that the heat from the boiling water does not scald the drinker's hand. Though they might appear rustic at first sight, Jizhou bowls are in reality highly sophisticated products. The potters manipulated the glaze mixture and the firing and cooling processes to create a wide variety of decorative effects, including 'hare's fur', 'tortoiseshell' and 'oil spot' glazes. This is a highly successful example of the 'hare's fur' type, the glaze having fired to a warm golden colour and the pattern on the inside having a growing appearance. The three flying phoenixes were created by the 'resist' method, a speciality of Jizhou potters. Cut-paper silhouettes shaped as phoenixes were stuck to the first layer of brown glaze, over which another glaze was applied. The paper burned away in the kiln, leaving outline impressions on the bowl.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"stoneware","id":"x30197"}],"techniques":[{"text":"glazed","id":"AAT53914"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Stoneware, glazed","categories":[{"text":"Tea, Coffee & Chocolate wares","id":"THES48886"},{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"}],"styles":[{"text":"Southern Song","id":"AAT18434"},{"text":"Jizhou","id":"x44560"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2006AF8563","2006AF8462"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"145 (VA)","id":"THES49865"},"free":"","case":"46","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"BOWL","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Jiangxi","id":"x29899"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1100-1299","earliest":"1100-01-01","latest":"1299-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Purchased with Art Fund support, the Vallentin Bequest, Sir Percival David and the Universities China Committee","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"16.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Bowl, 12th-13th century made in Jiangxi","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Kerr, Rose. Song Dynasty Ceramics. London: V&A Publications, 2004.","id":"AUTH404555"},"details":"Plate 108","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Liefkes, Reino and Hilary Young (eds.) <i>Masterpieces of World Ceramics in the Victoria and Albert Museum</i>. London: V&A Publishing, 2008","id":"AUTH354348"},"details":"pp. 44-45","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, 1935-6</i>, London : Royal Academy of Arts, 1935","id":"AUTH356076"},"details":"1208","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Tea bowl\r\nChina, Jizhou kilns\r\nSouthern Song dynasty,\r\n1200–1300\r\n\r\nIn China, powdered tea replaced leaf tea after 900. The leaf tea looked elegant in green bowls, but the green powdered tea looked more appealing against a dark glaze. Potters\r\nmanipulated the firing and cooling processes to create dramatic glaze effects, including this ‘hare’s fur’ type. Here paper cut-outs of phoenixes were applied to the first, darker layer of glaze. They burned off in the firing, leaving their outlines.\r\n\r\nGlazed stoneware, with resist decoration\r\n\r\nMuseum no. C.30-1935\r\nPurchased with the assistance of The Art Fund, the Vallentin Bequest,\r\nSir Percival David and the Universities China Committee","date":{"text":"September 2009","earliest":"2009-09-01","latest":"2009-09-30"}}],"partNumbers":["C.30-1935"],"accessionNumberNum":"30","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1935,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR6557","2019LT5708","2019LW0340"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2006-09-21","availableToBook":false}}