{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O127779"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127779/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH7592/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH7592/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BH7592","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O127779/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O127779","accessionNumber":"581-1870","objectType":"Oil painting","titles":[{"title":"Rocky Landscape","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Frederick de Moucheron (1633-1686) trained with Jan Asselijn in Amsterdam and worked in France (Paris and Lyon) for several years before settling definitively in Amsterdam in the late 1650s. He belongs to the second generation of Dutch Italianates such as Nicolaes Berchem, Jan Both, Karel Dujardin or Jan Baptist Weenix and specialised in landscape painting reminiscent of his master's and Jan Both's work. His son, Isaac, trained with him and also become an important landscapist.\r\n\r\nThis painting is typical of Frederick de Moucheron's production and is a good example of Dutch Italianate landscapes of the mid century. These highly idealised classical landscapes such as the present one are structured upon artificial devices and proportionally small figures that enhance the sense of perspective. Similarly as in many de Moucheron's works, this composition shows picturesque and decorative qualities rendered attractively atmospheric by the use of silvery touches.","physicalDescription":"A rocky landscape with imposing trees, a hunter astride, a dog, a walking figure and cattle by a pond, mountains receding into distance.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Moucheron, Frederick de","id":"A11397"},"association":{"text":"painter (artist)","id":"AAT25136"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"oil paint","id":"AAT15050"},{"text":"canvas","id":"AAT14078"}],"techniques":[{"text":"oil painting","id":"AAT178684"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Oil on canvas","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"}],"styles":[{"text":"Dutch School","id":"x31259"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006BH7592"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"B","id":"THES304879"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"oil paintings","id":"AAT33799"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Amsterdam","id":"x28722"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1660s","earliest":"1660-01-01","latest":"1669-12-31"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by John M. Parsons","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"63.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimate","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"75.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimate","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"79.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"frame dimensions","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"92","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"frame dimensions","note":""},{"dimension":"","value":"","unit":"","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"Measurement taken at time of assessment prior to BH decant - Frame Dimensions (mm): H-788 W-915 D-50;\nPainting Dimensions (mm): not measured"}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from  C.M. Kauffmann,<i>Catalogue of Foreign Paintings, I. Before 1800,</i> Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1973.","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Moucheron'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Inscribed lower right"}],"objectHistory":"Bequeathed by John M. Parsons, 1870\r\nJohn Meeson Parsons (1798-1870), art collector, was born in Newport, Shropshire.  He later settled in London, and became a member of the stock exchange.  His interest in railways led to his election as an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1839, and he was director or chairman of two railway companies between 1843 and 1848.  Much of his time however was spent collecting pictures and works of art.  In his will he offered his collection of mostly German and Dutch schools to the National Gallery (which selected only three works) and to the Department of Science and Art at South Kensington, later the Victoria and Albert Museum.  The South Kensington Museum acquired ninety-two oil paintings and forty-seven watercolours.  A number of engravings were also left to the British Museum.\n\nHistorical significance: This painting was originally catalogued as by Moucheron himself (1893 Catalogue), but was subsequently (1973) relegated to 'Probably an 18th century work, in the manner of Moucheron'. However, comparable signed works may be found in the Kunsthorisches Museum, Vienna (Inv. no. 425 and 428), the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Inv. no. A280) and the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest (inv. no. 1783).","historicalContext":"Italianate landscapes were popular from the 17th century. The term conventionally refers to the school of Dutch painters and draughtsmen who were active in Rome in the 17th century. These mainly produced pastoral scenes bathed in warm southern light, set in an Italian, or specifically Roman, landscape. The term is also often applied, although wrongly, to artists who never left the northern Netherlands but who worked primarily in an Italianate style. The taste for such works continued undiminished into the 19th century.\r\n\r\nThe popularity of the hunt theme in Dutch landscapes grew during the 17th century, with artists often choosing to depict the preparations for or the return from the hunt, rather than the event itself.\r\n\r\nFrederick de Moucheron was born in Emden. He was a pupil of Jan Asselyn in Amsterdam and worked in Paris for several years. He settled in Amsterdam in 1659 and appears to have lived there for most of the rest of his life. He painted landscapes, usually Italianate scenes reminiscent of Jan Both and Johannes Hackaert; the figures in them are often by other painters. He belonged to the second generation of Italianate Dutch landscapists, including Nicolaes Berchem, Karel Dujardin and Jan Baptist Weenix. An essential characteristic of de Moucheron's works is the sense of verticality emphasised by small figures contrasted with lavish vegetation. De Moucheron often used diagonal pictorial devices to enhance the sense of depth. His landscapes seem less naturalistic than those of the previous generation","briefDescription":"Oil Painting, 'Rocky Landscape', Frederick de Moucheron, 1660s","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Kauffmann, C.M., <u>Catalogue of Foreign Paintings, I. Before 1800</u>. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1973, p. 194, cat. no. 234."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>A catalogue of the National Gallery of British Art at South Kensington with a supplement containing works by modern foreign artists and Old Masters,</u> 1893, p. 182."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"landscape","id":"x35496"},{"text":"figures","id":"x31098"},{"text":"trees","id":"AAT132410"},{"text":"horses","id":"x34864"},{"text":"dogs","id":"x34865"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Landscape","id":"x35496"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["581-1870"],"accessionNumberNum":"581","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1870,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2006-09-14","availableToBook":true}}