{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O127469"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127469/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BM3202/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BM3202/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2007BM3202","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":true}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O127469/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O127469","accessionNumber":"25001:27","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Abinne Lansche Africanne","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Costumes of Various Cities and Countries","type":"series title"}],"summaryDescription":"This engraving is by the Amsterdam publisher, engraver, globe-maker and art dealer, Johannes de Ram (1648-93). De Ram was best known for his maps and atlases, some of which were issued using the maps of other geographers, and some of which he prepared himself. Similarly his engravings were informed by the accounts of early European explorers to Africa and the New World.\r\n\r\nThe Dutch were slower than many of their European rivals to develop trading interests in Africa but, following a series of conflicts with Portugal, seized possession of a number of trading posts on the West African coast. Responding to a labour shortage in the sugar plantations of northern Brazil in 1630, the Dutch slave trade intensified and by 1650 was responsible for the enslavement of some thirty thousand people, forcibly shipped from West Africa to Brazil.\r\nEuropean support for the transatlantic slave trade relied on a popular perception of African people as primitive savages. This engraving by de Ram endorses this perception by depicting two swarthy black men wearing animal furs and cannibalising the body of a white man.","physicalDescription":"In a landscape, two black men wearing animal furs, one is carrying a human leg over his shoulder and a branch. One roasts a severed white human leg on a spit over a fire in an act of cannibalism. At his feet are dead birds and pieces of wood. The scene is framed by ornamental leaves. At the bottom an inscription.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Ram, Johannes de","id":"A17970"},"association":{"text":"engraver","id":"x30813"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraving","categories":[{"text":"Africa","id":"THES49019"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2007BM3202"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF (VA)","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"TOPIC","shelf":"4","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"Yes-general","note":"Racist depiction of African people"}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Netherlands","id":"x29020"},"association":{"text":"printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c. 1680","earliest":"1675-01-01","latest":"1684-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"14","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"18.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Bottom, centre:\r\nBINNE LANSCHE AFRICAANE","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Accessions register notes that the print was acquired on 21 September 1871 as part of a group (24980-25011) from 'Bachelin Deflorenne[sp?], 173 engravings, £15 \" 5-0.'\r\n\r\n'25001 Costume of various cities and countries. Series of 24 plates. Each having male and female figure by J. De Ram, b.1680. (margins cut) (?) 27 plates pri. £1 \" 4\" 0.'","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"'Abinne Lansche Africanne', print by Johannes de Ram, c. 1680.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"leg (body part)","id":"x38785"},{"text":"birds","id":"x35043"},{"text":"fire","id":"AAT68986"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["25001:27"],"accessionNumberNum":"25001","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2006-08-30","availableToBook":false}}