{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1272051"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1272051/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LD0624/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LD0624/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018LD0624","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1272051/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1272051","accessionNumber":"E.998-2012","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"In art history, a black madonna is a painting or sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary with dark or black skin, created in Europe in the late Medieval period. Some are made of dark or black materials such as ebony, others are said to have become blackened from the soot of candles, although this explanation and the significance of the Virgin's skin colour is contested. There are several hundred black madonnas in Europe and the topic has attracted a considerable  literature in recent decades approaching the subject from anthropological, art historical, feminist, psychoanalytical and Afrocentric perspectives .\r\n\r\nThe Abbey of Einsiedeln is a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits and located in the village of Einsiedeln twenty miles southeast of Zurich. According to 9th and 14th century sources, the hermit St Meinrad (d. 861) was especially devoted to the Virgin and was given a miracle-working statue of the Virgin and Child by Abbess Hildegard of Zurich around  which he built a chapel. Following his murder, a church was built over this chapel. The new church was dedicated but not the chapel. In 948 Conrad of Constance was praying in the chapel when he witnessed Christ and the angels performing the dedication rites. A papal bull of 11th November 966 allowed the celebration of the anniversary of this miracle and granted remission of sins to pilgrims to the shrine. This late 19th/early 20th-century postcard was produced for sale to pilgrims as souvenir of the shrine.","physicalDescription":"Rectangular postcard (portrait format). Front: colour printed illustration of Our Lady of Einsiedeln above a view of Einsiedeln Abbey, the Abbey Square and Lady Fountain, framed within an architectural gothic arch stamped in gold, against a kingfisher blue background, lettered in German below the image. Back: postcard template (landscape format) printed in kingfisher blue.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"},{"text":"card","id":"x30344"}],"techniques":[{"text":"printing","id":"AAT53319"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lithography, de-bossing and gilding","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018LD0624"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":"Black Madonna Topic Box"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Print","id":"AAT41273"}],[{"text":"Postcard","id":"AAT26816"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Einsiedeln","id":"x46820"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1890-1920","earliest":"1890-01-01","latest":"1920-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Tim Travis in memory of Leslie Travis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"14","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"9.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Gruss aus \nMaria Einsiedeln","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Greeting from\r\nOur Lady of Einsiedeln","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lettered below the image, printed in black"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Souvenir of Our Lady of Einsiedeln, Switzerland, late 19th/early 20th century.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"Our Lady of Einsiedeln above a view of Einsiedeln Abbey, the Abbey Square and Lady Fountain, framed within an architectural gothic arch.","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Einsiedeln","id":"x46820"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"The Virgin Mary","id":"N16161"},{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Abbeys","id":"AAT642"},{"text":"Fountains","id":"AAT6179"},{"text":"Architecture","id":"AAT54156"},{"text":"Black Madonnas","id":"THES282271"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.998-2012"],"accessionNumberNum":"998","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2012,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2013-09-05","availableToBook":false}}