{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O126497"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O126497/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BP3914/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BP3914/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2007BP3914","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BD7872","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KC9744","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O126497/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O126497","accessionNumber":"CAI.86","objectType":"Oil painting","titles":[{"title":"A Dutch landscape: view of a flat district, probably Rheden","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Philips Koninck (1619-1688) was apprenticed to his older brother Jacob I in Rotterdam, probably in the late 1630s. He then returned to Amsterdam where he lived until his death. He was greatly influenced by Rembrandt and may have been one of his pupils. As the owner of a boat service and an inn, he was financially independent and could thus afford to concentrate on his favourite subject matter: landscape painting. Koninck stopped painting after 1676.\r\n\r\nThis painting is a good example of Philips Koninck's idealized Dutch landscapes: it shows a flat landscape seen from a high point of view under an enormous sky with a road winding towards the horizon and patterns of light and dark throughout. As a result, his landscapes divide into two equal parts: the sky above and the earth below, human figures being usually of secondary importance. Here resting travellers in the immediate foreground are used as a sort of repoussoir feature in order to lead the spectator's eye towards the wide horizon. The same process is used in another contemporary landscape, dated 1648: <i>Flat landscape with a View of Distant Hills</i>, Manchester Art Gallery, which also displays the same colour scheme. His use of earthy colours in these two paintings and the visible loose brushstrokes betray the influence of Rembrandt of whom he may have been a pupil. However this very restricted earthy palette does not appear very often in his production as he usually adds intense blue pigments that provide the picture with a cool however more joyful colouring. Like most of Dutch 17th century landscape, this view is a reconstruction based on outdoor sketches and memory. Koninck was indeed a prolific draughtsman and executed about 300 drawings, most in pen and ink, often with a coloured wash, which style is also close to Rembrandt. Because of the doubtful signature, scholars often debated the attribution of the painting. Nonetheless, Horst Gerson, in his extensive monograph (1936), left no doubt that this is a genuine work by Philips Koninck.","physicalDescription":"A bird's-eye view of a flat landscape in the Netherlands.Travellers with their dogs are resting along the road that leads toward the horizon.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Koninck, Philips","id":"A17887"},"association":{"text":"painter (artist)","id":"AAT25136"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"oil paint","id":"AAT15050"},{"text":"oak","id":"AAT12264"}],"techniques":[{"text":"oil painting","id":"AAT178684"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Oil on oak panel","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"}],"styles":[{"text":"Dutch School","id":"x31259"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2007BP3914","2006BD7872","2017KC9744"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"B","id":"THES304874"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"oil paintings","id":"AAT33799"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Amsterdam","id":"x28722"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1647","earliest":"1647-01-01","latest":"1647-12-31"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Constantine Alexander Ionides","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"38","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimate","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"52","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimate","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"608","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"2013","earliest":"2013-01-01","latest":"2013-12-31"},"part":"frame","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"760","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"2013","earliest":"2013-01-01","latest":"2013-12-31"},"part":"frame","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"67","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"2013","earliest":"2013-01-01","latest":"2013-12-31"},"part":"frame","note":""},{"dimension":"","value":"","unit":"","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"Measurement taken at time of assessment prior to BH decant - Frame Dimensions (mm): n/a;\nPainting Dimensions (mm): not measured"}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from <i>Catalogue of Foreign Paintings, I. Before 1800</i>, C.M. Kauffmann, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1973","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'P. Koninck 1647'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Signed (indistinctly) and dated, lower right"}],"objectHistory":"Coll. James Whatman, sold Christie's London, 20 February 1882, lot 21. bought C.A. Ionides for £46.4s.;bequeathed by Constantine Alexander Ionides, 1900\n\nHistorical significance: This work is a typical example of Koninck's idealized Dutch landscapes: it shows a flat landscape, seen from a high viewpoint, under an enormous sky with a road winding towards the horizon, with passages of light and dark. As here, his landscapes are typically divided into two equal areas of sky and earth, with figures of minor importance. In this painting, the resting travellers of the immediate foreground lead the spectator's eye towards the wide horizon. His use of earthy colours, and visibly loose brushstrokes, suggest Rembrandt's influence. Due to its indistinct signature, some scholars have doubted the attribution of this work to Konick, and it was attributed by P. M. Turner (1908) to Philips' elder brother Jacob. Horst Gerson, in his extensive monograph (1936), left no doubt to its being a genuine work, and tentatively identified the location depicted as Rheden, near Arnhem.","historicalContext":"Panoramic views became popular in the 17th-century Netherlands, especially under the influence of Jan van Goyen (1596-1656) who developed a broken brushwork technique and used a restrained monochromatic palette of earthy colours. Philips Koninck (1619-1688) was born in Amsterdam and apprenticed to his older brother Jacob I in Rotterdam, probably in the late 1630s. He then returned to Amsterdam, where he remained. He was influenced by Rembrandt, whose pupil he may have been. As the owner of a boat service from Amsterdam and an inn, he was financially independent, allowing him to concentrate on his favourite occupation of landscape painting. Koninck was also a prolific draughtsman and executed about 300 drawings. He stopped painting after 1676.","briefDescription":"Oil Painting, 'A Dutch Landscape: View of a Flat District, probably Rheden', Philips Koninck, 1647","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Kauffmann, C.M., <i>Catalogue of Foreign Paintings, I. Before 1800</i>. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1973, p. 164, cat. no. 202."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Christopher Wright, <i>Dutch Painting in the Seventeenth Century: Images of a Golden Age in British Collections,</i>London, 1989, p. 211."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Anon. in <i>Atheneaum,</i>15 Jan 1898, p. 93."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"P.M. Turner, 'Philips and Jacob de Koninck' in <i>Burlington Magazine,</i>XIV (1908-09), p. 365."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"B.S. Long, <i>Catalogue of the Constantine Alexander Collection,</i>I, London, 1925, 31, pl. 19."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"H. Gerson, <i>Koninck,</i>1936, pp. 13, 15f., 21, 107, no. 34, pl. 2."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"W. Stechow, <i>Dutch landscape painting of the 17th century,</i>London, 1966, p. 44, fig. 75."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Ulrike Gehring and Peter Weibel, eds., <u>Mapping spaces : networks of knowledge in 17th century landscape painting</u> Karlsruhe : ZKM Museum for Contemporary Art ; Hirmer, 2014; Karlsruhe : Hirmer Verlag, [2014]; 504 pages : color illustrations, maps ; 30 cm. ISBN: 3777422304 / 9783777422305\r\n"},{"reference":{"text":"<i>The Brighton art loan exhibition, 1884 : official catalogue</i>, Brighton : Towner & Curtis, Steam Printers, 1884","id":"AUTH355097"},"details":"165","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>Exhibition of the works of ancient masters and deceased British artists</i>, London : Printed by J.B. Nichols and Sons, 1858","id":"AUTH357737"},"details":"142","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>National Exhibition of works of art, at Leeds, 1868 : Official catalogue</i>, Leeds : Printed by Edward Baines and Sons, 1869","id":"AUTH357738"},"details":"810A","free":""}],"production":"Attributed by P. M. Turner (1908) to Philips's elder brother Jacob, but generally accepted as an early work by the artist","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Landscapes","id":"AAT15636"},{"text":"Figures","id":"x31098"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["CAI.86"],"accessionNumberNum":"86","accessionNumberPrefix":"CAI","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Exhibition number","id":"THES288584"},"number":"90 (New Gallery, Winter 1897 exhibition)"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-19","recordCreationDate":"2006-07-27","availableToBook":true}}