{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1263736"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1263736/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GB1096/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GB1096/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GB1096","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AT3999","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AT4000","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1263736/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1263736","accessionNumber":"IM.233-1921","objectType":"Painting","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Calligraphy was always regarded as more important than painting at the court of the Muslim Mughals. Jahangir and Shah Jahan preserved examples of the work of the greatest Iranian and Mughal calligraphers in albums. Their artists added illumination between the lines, and ornate borders. The minute birds have been included by the anonymous illuminator to the gold ground between the lines of Persian prose and a sura from the Koran. ","physicalDescription":"Painting, opaque watercolour and gold on paper, calligraphy panel.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour and gold on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Calligraphy","id":"THES254199"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Mughal","id":"AAT18939"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GB1096","2006AT3999","2006AT4000"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"SHLN","id":"THES49063"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Mughal Empire","id":"THES262021"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"first half 17th century","earliest":"1600-01-01","latest":"1650-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Sir Robert Nathan, K.C.S.I., C.I.E","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"21.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"painting","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"19.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"painting","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"36.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"page","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"23.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"page","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Half Imperial Mount (Portrait)","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"From the collection of Sir Robert Nathan (1868-1921), purchased from Maulvi Muhammad Hussain, Judge, Small Claims Court, Delhi. Sir Robert Nathan was Private Secretary to the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, in 1905; became Chief Secretary to the Government of East Bengal and Assam in 1907, and was Police Commissioner of Dhaka before leaving India in 1914. \r\n\r\nGiven by Sir Robert Nathan, K.C.S.I., C.I.E. This acquisition information reflects that found in the Museum records (Asia Department registers and/or Central Inventory) as part of a 2023 provenance research project.\r\n\r\nR.P. 1921-4451","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting, calligraphy panel, opaque watercolour and gold on paper, border and illumination Mughal, first half 17th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Susan Stronge, Painting for the Mughal Emperor. The Art of the Book 1560-1660, V&A Publications, 2002, pl. 114 and pp. 149-153"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"calligraphy","id":"AAT53162"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"ILLUMINATED CALLIGRAPHY\r\nOpaque watercolour and gold on paper\r\nCalligraphy probably Iran, 16th century\r\nIllumination and borders Mughal,\r\nc. 1610-20\r\nIM.233A-1921\n\r\nCalligraphy was regarded as more important than painting at the court of the Muslim Mughals. Writing was the means of transmitting the word of God and the wisdom of the past. Jahangir and Shah Jahan preserved examples of the work of the greatest Iranian and Mughal masters in albums. This page shows a prose passage and verse from the Koran. Court artists have decorated the spaces between the lines with minute scrolls, flowers and birds on a gold ground.","date":{"text":"27/9/2013","earliest":"2013-09-27","latest":"2013-09-27"}}],"partNumbers":["IM.233A-1921"],"accessionNumberNum":"233","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1921,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-09-16","recordCreationDate":"2013-05-23","availableToBook":false}}