{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1261045"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1261045/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GE2048/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GE2048/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GE2048","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Froner Plastics Ltd.","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1261045/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1261045","accessionNumber":"T.8-2013","objectType":"Button","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This button was produced in the Froner Plastics factory, London, around 1949. Buttons made from seashells, with holes for threading, have been found dating back to 2000 BCE, although these were probably used with more decorative purpose. Functional buttons, designed to fasten with buttonholes, were first seen in Germany in the 13th century. Over the centuries following, the history of the button reflects trends in applied aesthetics, designed by artists or in cottage industries, made from seashell, metals, woods and as this one, with plastic. This particular one reflects the 20th century development in mass produced clothing, made on a machine designed to replicate the exact design very quickly and easily.","physicalDescription":"Transparent plastic, probably cellulose acetate, circular button with deep central circular indentation, and concentric circles engraved on back, with two central holes.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Froner Plastics Ltd.","id":"A37338"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"x33306"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"cellulose acetate","id":"AAT14439"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Machine-carved cellulose acetate","categories":[{"text":"Fashion","id":"THES48957"},{"text":"Europeana Fashion Project","id":"THES265804"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"T&F","id":"THES48601"},"images":["2013GE2048"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES385808"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"buttons (fasteners)","id":"AAT239261"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"manufactured","id":"x29350"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1949","earliest":"1944-01-01","latest":"1953-12-31"},"association":{"text":"manufactured","id":"x29350"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr F. Beck","dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","value":"0.65","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"03/04/2013","earliest":"2013-04-03","latest":"2013-04-03"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"diameter","value":"1.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"03/04/2013","earliest":"2013-04-03","latest":"2013-04-03"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Plastic button, transparent, two holes and concentric circles pattern, 1940s, British","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Mass produced","id":"THES48863"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["T.8-2013"],"accessionNumberNum":"8","accessionNumberPrefix":"T","accessionYear":2013,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2013-02-19","availableToBook":true}}