{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O125074"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O125074/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CD9001/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CD9001/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CD9001","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KE2017","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2021NB6449","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O125074/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O125074","accessionNumber":"M.254-1921","objectType":"Door","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This door probably belonged to a major public building in the German city of Nuremberg because it is decorated with the arms of the city. The pine door is covered with sheet iron that contains a lozenge shaped design. In addition to the arms of the city, two other symbols can be found within the lozenges: the displayed single-headed eagle of the King of Germany, and the rampant double-tailed lion of the King of Bohemia. The presence of these animals suggests that the door dates to the late fourteenth century because both Charles IV (1316-1378) and Wenceslas (1361-1400) were both kings of Germany and Bohemia.\r\n\r\nThe use of iron on doors was extremely practical as it made them more robust and able to protect a building from the threats of the outside world. This example has a small iron grille known as a guichet, which allows the occupants of the building to see who was outside the door. This lozenge-shaped opening is kept secure through the use of iron trellis-work that criss-crosses across the guichet.","physicalDescription":"Pine door covered with embossed sheet iron. The decoration incorporates the arms of Nuremberg, the single-headed eagle of the German king and the double-tailed lion of the king of Bohemia. The door has an arched top, a grated hatch in the shape of a diamond. The diamond shaped panels are held in place by diagonally intersecting bands with nails, the heads of the nails are shaped like petals.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Iron","id":"AAT11002"}],"techniques":[{"text":"embossed","id":"AAT53826"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Embossed sheet iron","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Architectural fittings","id":"THES48994"},{"text":"Architecture","id":"THES48993"},{"text":"Ironwork","id":"THES251837"}],"styles":[{"text":"Medieval","id":"AAT20756"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2009CD9001","2017KE2017","2021NB6449"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"64B (VA)","id":"THES49094"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Door","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Nuremberg","id":"x29057"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1400","earliest":"1395-01-01","latest":"1404-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"181","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"99","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"12.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"The register indicates the door was originally acquired in Nuremberg in about 1882, possibly by Miss Agnes M Christian who sold it to the V&A  for £50. Door knocker (M.255-1921) was included in the sale.\n\nHistorical significance: Marian Campbell suggests in <u>Decorative Ironwork</u> that decoration of this type (depicting the symbols of the kings of Germany and Bavaria) indicate it was made for a public building. She suggests that it was made either in the reign of Charles IV (r.1346-78) or of Wenceslas (r.1376-1400), as each reigned as both king of Germany and Bohemia.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Pine door covered with embossed sheet iron, the decoration incorporates the arms of Nuremberg, ca. 1400.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Marian Campbell, <font -u>Decorative Ironwork</font>. London : V&A Publications, 1997. p.40."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":" "},"details":"","free":"J. Starkie Gardner. <font -u>Ironwork: Part I. From the Earliest Times to the End of the Mediaeval Period</font. London, 1978. p.137, pl.62."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor)","id":"N4521"},{"text":"Wenceslas","id":"N4993"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"eagle","id":"x39158"},{"text":"double-tailed lion","id":"x39862"},{"text":"rosettes","id":"AAT9972"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"DOOR\r\nWood and sheet iron\r\nGermany; late 15th century\r\nM.254-1921\r\n\r\nSheet iron panels on a wooden frame; the lozenge-shaped panels stamped with eagles displayed, a lion rampant and the heraldic arms of Nuremberg. The panels are held in position by diagonally intersecting bands with rosette-headed nails. Bought in Nuremberg c.1882.","date":{"text":"07/1994","earliest":"1994-07-01","latest":"1994-07-31"}}],"partNumbers":["M.254-1921"],"accessionNumberNum":"254","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1921,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LU8736","2019LU5062","2019LW7682"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2006-06-12","availableToBook":false}}