{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O123843"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O123843/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AC9688/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AC9688/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AC9688","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AC9606","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2014HD0378","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O123843/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O123843","accessionNumber":"676-1895","objectType":"Panel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This panel shows an eagle with a banderole (or ribbon-like scroll) and an inkhorn in its beak, a traditional symbol of St John. In the Bible John is one of the Four Evangelists, the authors of the gospels. The convention of representing the four as winged creatures is based on the book of Ezekiel, chapter 1, verses 5-14, where Ezekiel tells of a vision of the four beasts. Medieval commentators argued that the eagle represents John because it is the bird that flies closest to heaven. John's gospel was thought to adopt a \"higher\" level of theology than the other three gospels.\r\n\r\nThis expressive panel  was carved from a single piece of oak, and was probably one of a set of four (another of which survives in the Museum, 675-1895). It was formerly in the collection of Emile Peyre (1824-1904), a notable Parisian collector of French Medieval and Renaissance woodwork. The V&A bought many pieces from him in 1895.","physicalDescription":"Quatrefoil panel of oak, with cavetto moulded edges, carved in the solid in high relief with an eagle holding in its beak and under one foot a banderole (secured with 2 pegs), representing St John the Evangelist. With three fixing holes and a central round hole in the centre of the back.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"oak","id":"AAT12264"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved oak","categories":[{"text":"Woodwork","id":"THES48877"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Renaissance (French)","id":"THES267855"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2006AC9688","2006AC9606","2014HD0378"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"006","id":"THES303105"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"France","id":"x28849"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1475-1500","earliest":"1475-01-01","latest":"1500-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"675-1895","id":"O152818"},"association":"Set"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"22.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"20.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"By 67 Peyre","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Pasted label on reverse"}],"objectHistory":"Bought with 675-1895 for £15 from Emile Peyre, of Paris\n\nThis panel was formerly in the collection of Emile Peyre (1824-1904), a notable Parisian collector of French medieval and renaissance artefacts. In 1895 the South Kensington Museum (renamed the V&amp;A in 1900), bought over 300 pieces of furniture and woodwork from him, (as well as sculpture and metalwork), at a cost of £11,878. 16s. 9d.\r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Panel of carved oak, of quatrefoil shape, carved with the eagle of St John","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"W.G. Paulson Townsend, <i>Measured Drawings of French Furniture in the South Kensington Museum</i> (London 1899), part 12, plate 121."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Eleanor Rowe, Practical Wood-Carving; part 2 Advanced Wood-Carving  (London, 1907), p  22-27. Ill.\n[Writing of museum nos. 675-1895, 859-1895, 858-1895, 676-1895] \n'...Of the Frech panels the winged ox is the least satisfactory. The lion is admirably carved. Note the simple massing of the hair and the feathering of the wings. Both examples of the eagle show an excellent broad treatment of the bird's plumage without any small realistic details. The angel too is well designed for the space it has to fill, and is executed in the same simple broad manner as the others.\nThe emblems are about 1 in. in relief, and the ground is sloped from the edge but is otherwise flat...'"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["676-1895"],"accessionNumberNum":"676","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1895,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-04-10","recordCreationDate":"2006-05-11","availableToBook":true}}