{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O122522"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O122522/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV6085/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV6085/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BV6085","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV6087","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV6088","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA0450","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O122522/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O122522","accessionNumber":"1517","objectType":"Manuscript cutting","titles":[{"title":"Leaf from an antiphonary","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"This page comes from an Antiphoner that was presumably once owned by a Cistercian monastery, since the decorated initial shows the figure of a Cistercian monk. Medieval books had no contents page or index and so there was usually a hierarchy of initials marking important divisions in the text or music. The most important initials might be historiated with a figurative picture (<i>istoire</i> being the term for a story) or with decoration. Sometimes, as in this one, they might include depictions of people associated with the book such as a patron. \r\n\r\nAn Antiphoner was a choirbook which contained the sung part of the Divine Office, the daily devotions performed by clergy or the religious orders and split into the eight canonical 'hours' of the day. Antiphoners were often large so that they could be used by a whole choir.","physicalDescription":"Leaf from an antiphonary. \r\nRecto: several antiphons including ‘Domine nonne bonum semen seminasti…’ (fifth Sunday after the Epiphany).\r\nLater marginal inscriptions:\r\nIn black ink: 'Ad Magnum VIII Toni' and further down 'Ad Magnum in Toni'.\r\nIn pencil: 'Simile est regnum coelorum fermentum vide in Supplem[enta] [antiphonarii?] in psalterio.'\r\n\r\nVerso: historiated 18-line initial ‘D’ showing a Cistercian monk, dressed in a white habit shaded with blue, kneeling in prayer. God’s head appears in the upper part of the initial amidst clouds. The initial’s ascender is in the shape of a bird extending into the margin. In the bottom border, quire signature ‘.viio.’  \r\nText: ‘Domine ne in ira tua arguas me…’ (Sundays, Ferial Office).\r\nLater inscriptions: \r\nIn light brown ink, within the historiated initial: 'Fr. Iordan' (i.e. Brother Jordan.\r\nIn ink, in the top left corner: '112'. \r\n\r\nText written on 10 lines. \r\nStave height: c.2 cm\r\nEvery second and fourth line is ruled alternately yellow and red. The remaining text, on lines ruled in light brown ink, takes up space approximately equivalent to two staff lines. Initials and rubrics in red. ","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"parchment","id":"AAT11851"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"pigments","id":"x33204"}],"techniques":[{"text":"illumination","id":"AAT220539"},{"text":"writing","id":"AAT54698"},{"text":"watercolour","id":"x37878"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Ink and water-based pigments on parchment.","categories":[{"text":"Manuscript cutting","id":"THES275182"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Medieval and renaissance","id":"THES271264"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2008BV6085","2008BV6087","2008BV6088","2017KA0450"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"8","id":"THES49714"},"free":"","case":"CA5","shelf":"DR2","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"manuscript","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1260","earliest":"1255-01-01","latest":"1264-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"1520","id":"O1026469"},"association":"Object"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"30.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"40.64","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"32.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"ruled area","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"22.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"ruled area","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"20","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"stave","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Part of a group of 'illuminations' bought from Spithower in Rome on 18 December 1860 (now Museum nos 1487-1537).\nCuttings from the same manuscript in the V&amp;A collection: Museum nos 1517, 1520.","historicalContext":"Medieval books had no contents page or index and as such decorative initials (and sometimes miniatures) were used as a means of signalling key divisions in the text or, in this case, music.  There was a hierarchy to the decoration - the important/major initials might be historiated (that is, with a figurative picture) or elaborately decorated while the lesser/minor initials might be made of coloured letters on coloured or gold grounds, often with flourishing in ink of a contrasting colour or even simply a letter slightly larger than the main body of text and picked out in a contrasting colour (e.g. red or blue).","briefDescription":"Leaf from antiphonary, with historiated initial D with a Cistercian monk praying God, Germany, ca. 1260.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"<u>Catalogue of illuminated manuscripts : Part II, Miniatures, leaves, and cuttings</u>, by S.C. Cockerell and E.F. Strange (London: HMSO, 1908, 1st edition).","id":"AUTH355671"},"details":"p. 47, MS. 457 (as German, 2nd half of the 13th century).","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<u>Catalogue of Miniatures, Leaves, and Cuttings from Illuminated Manuscripts. Victoria and Albert Museum. Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design</u>, by S.C. Cockerell and C. Harcourt Smith (London: HMSO, 1923, 2nd edition).","id":"AUTH349022"},"details":"p. 38 (as German, 2nd half of the 13th century).","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Swarzenski, H., <u>Deutsche Buchmalerei des XIII Jahrhunderts</u>, Berlin: Deutsche Verein Für Kunstwissenschaft, 1936.","id":"AUTH359701"},"details":"pp. 29, 108, figs 252-253 (as Middle Rhine?, c.1260).","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Unique","id":"THES48864"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"God","id":"N809"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"deity","id":"x31373"},{"text":"cloud","id":"x35718"},{"text":"monk","id":"AAT25765"},{"text":"bird","id":"x35043"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"LEAVES FROM A CHOIRBOOK\r\nAbout 1250\r\n\r\nThese leaves contain antiphons, that\r\nis to say the verses or sentences sung\r\nbetween two parts of the choir to explain\r\nthe significance of the following psalm.\r\nThe miniatures show the Annunciation\r\nand an image of Christ in Majesty above\r\na praying monk.\r\n\r\nGermany or northern\r\nNetherlands\r\nWatercolour on parchment\r\nMuseum nos. 1517, 1519","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["1517"],"accessionNumberNum":"1517","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Previous number","id":"THES51695"},"number":"MS 456"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN2775","2019LN8165","2019LV0090"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2006-03-31","availableToBook":false}}