{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O122477"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O122477/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KY1400/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KY1400/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KY1400","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KY1401","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O122477/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O122477","accessionNumber":"W.3-1958","objectType":"Close stool","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Rectangular stool with panelled sides, ring-turned legs and stretchers. Hinged top, opening to reveal two compartments, one for the commode seat (now missing), the other shallow and narrow.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"oak","id":"AAT12264"}],"techniques":[{"text":"frame construction","id":"AAT111619"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"oak","categories":[{"text":"Furniture","id":"THES48948"},{"text":"Woodwork","id":"THES48877"},{"text":"Interiors","id":"THES48933"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2018KY1400","2018KY1401"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342905"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Close stool","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1660-1680","earliest":"1660-01-01","latest":"1680-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by J.C. Padwick","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"55.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"measurement converted from department files"},{"dimension":"Width","value":"55.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"measurement converted from department files"},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"45.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"measurement converted from department files"}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Similar stool featured in Antiques Trade Gazette, 14th February 2009, Issue 1877 pp.8.\r\n\r\nPublications on close stools:\r\n\r\nLambton, Lucinda, Temples of Convenience, (London: Gordon Piasel Galvery Ltd. 1999)\r\n\r\nSymonds, R.W., ‘Of Jakes and Close Stools. Their Place in English Social History’, Part I, Connoisseur, Vol. CXXIX (May 1952), pp. 86-91\r\n\r\nWilliams, Robert, From Close Stools to Patent Water Closest, Historical Essay for the Exhibition ‘Commodes, Night Tables, Close Stools and Portable Water Closets’ (W.Stockbridge and Sons Ltd, 1978)\r\n\r\nWilliams, Robert, Furniture of Easement, Part 2, Antique Collecting, Vol. 13, No. 11,( April 1979), pp. 11-13.\r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Close stool, English, 1660-1680, oak","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["W.3-1958"],"accessionNumberNum":"3","accessionNumberPrefix":"W","accessionYear":1958,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-09-24","recordCreationDate":"2006-03-31","availableToBook":true}}