{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O119787"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O119787/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EM6719/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EM6719/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011EM6719","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6718","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6717","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BL8680","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BL8679","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BL8673","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BD4104","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB2113","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O119787/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O119787","accessionNumber":"M.249-1928","objectType":"Ring","titles":[{"title":"The Lee Ring","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"Sir Thomas Gresham was one of the great figures of Tudor England. He was a mercer, trading in woolen cloth, silks, velvets and tapestries between England and Flanders but also acted as royal agent in the Netherlands between 1551-1564, managing the foreign debt of the English crown. Gresham's success in reducing the debts of the monarch brought him a knighthood in 1559 and considerable personal profit. He cemented his reputation with a project to build London's first bourse for merchants, the Royal Exchange. He also founded Gresham College, an educational establishment which provided seven professors to lecture to students free of charge, one on each day of the week. \n\nGresham's badge was the grasshopper and this can be seen, brightly enamelled on the backs of a group of at least seven rings, one of which is in the Museum's collection. Each ring bears the coat of arms of a distinguished figure engraved in hardstone which has been painted and gilded on the reverse to show the arms in their proper colours. The Lee ring was given to the military engineer Sir Richard Lee by Thomas Gresham. Lee is chiefly remembered for his role in improving the British fortifications of Calais and Boulogne but also the siege of Edinburgh and subsequent sack of the city. \n\nOf the surviving rings, one was made for Sir William Fleetwood and is now in the British Museum. A ring for Gabriel Goodman is in the museum at St Fagans, Cardiff and those for Jacques Wingfield and Robert Taylor are in private collections. A ring for Edmund Tremayne is part of the Barclays Bank Archive (it was previously held by Martins Bank).  Another ring, said to be engraved with the Woodhouse family arms, was shown at the Society of Antiquaries, London in 1742 but has not been sighted since. There is also a passing reference to a ring with the arms of Charles Herbert in the files of the British Museum, but again, little more is known. \n\nOne recipient was Robert Taylor, one of the Tellers of the Exchequer. When Taylor received his grasshopper ring, he was at the peak of his fortune and influence. Using the considerable funds he had acquired through his work at the Exchequer, he bought the manor of Great Abington from the Earl of Oxford and in 1580, built a great mansion at Babraham Place. By 1588, he had lost most of his fortune after being held responsible for the embezzlement of £7500 from a locked chest at the Exchequer by this servant William Raven. Although he was eventually pardoned by Elizabeth I, he sold Babraham Place to Sir Horatio Palavicino and never regained his former standing. \r\n\nWe do not know exactly why Gresham presented these rings. They appear to have been made by different goldsmiths over a period of twenty years, from the earliest ring, dated 1557 to the latest surviving ring which was dated 1575. They were expensive and highly fashionable gifts - perhaps the sight of the ring with its secret grasshopper badge served to remind the recipients of Gresham and their ties to him? ","physicalDescription":"Gold signet ring, the oval bezel set with a foliated crystal engraved with the arms of Sir Richard Lee (d.1575) of Sopwell, near St. Albans. Behind the bezel is a grasshopper, enamelled in green, the badge of the financier, Sir Thomas Gresham (d.1579) and the motto 'FLAME. ET. FAME.'","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"chalcedony","id":"AAT11134"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Enamelled  gold with a reverse painted, gilded and silvered chalcedony intaglio","categories":[{"text":"Jewellery","id":"THES48930"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Europeana Fashion Project","id":"THES265804"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2011EM6719","2011EM6718","2011EM6717","2007BL8680","2007BL8679","2007BL8673","2006BD4104","2017KB2113"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"91","id":"THES49703"},"free":"","case":"9","shelf":"B","box":"6"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Ring","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1544-1575","earliest":"1544-01-01","latest":"1575-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Purchased with the aid of funds provided by Mr L. C. G. Clarke","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Coat of arms of Sir Richard Lee (d.1575) of Sopwell, near St. Albans","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Engraved"},{"content":"'FLAME. ET. FAME.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Motto"},{"content":"Green enamelled grasshopper","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"the badge of the Financier, Sir Thomas Gresham (d.1579)"}],"objectHistory":"ex Waterton Collection. Sir Thomas Gresham gave a number of these rings to his friends, all bearing his grasshopper badge but each having the arms of the recipient.\r\n\r\nA copy of this ring, hallmarked for London, 1970 was sold by Christie's South Kensington, Tuesday 9 October 2012.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Gold signet ring, the oval bezel set with a reverse painted, gilded and silvered chalcedony intaglio engraved with the arms of Sir Richard Lee (d.1575) with an enamelled green grasshopper behind, the badge of Sir Thomas Gresham (d.1579) and a motto. England, 1544-1575","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hemp, W. ‘The Goodman and other Grasshopper Rings’ Antiquaries Journal, (1925)vol. v., pp. 403-8 "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Tonnochy, Alec Bain, ‘English armorial signets’, Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 3 ser. x (1945-7), pp.44-5"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Church, Rachel 'Rings', V&A (London, 2011), p. 48"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Oman, Charles, Catalogue of rings in the Victoria and Albert Museum (London, 1930, reprinted Ipswich, 1993), cat.486"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":" Scarisbrick, Diana ‘Sir Thomas Gresham and the ‘Grasshopper’ Rings’ in Saunders, Ann (ed.) The Royal Exchange (London, 1997), pp.57-8"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":" Doran, Susan (ed.) Elizabeth: the exhibition at the National Maritime Museum (London, 2003), cat.48"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Vanke, Francesca. 'The Lee Ring'. In: <u>The Paston Treasure. Microcosm of the Known World</u>, ed. by Andrew Moore, Nathan Flis, and Francesca Vanke. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018. ISBN: 9780300232905 030023290X. Published to accompany the exhibitions 'The Paston Treasure: Microcosm of the Known World' and 'The Paston Treasure: Riches and Rarities of the Known World', co-organized by the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, on view 15 February-27 May 2018, and Norwich Castle Museum &amp; Art Gallery, on view 23 June-23 September 2018."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Awais-Dean, Natasha <u>Bejewelled:men and jewellery in Tudor and Jacobean England</u>, British Museum, 2017, pp. 101-105"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"grasshopper","id":"x30171"},{"text":"escutcheons (coats of arms)","id":"AAT138227"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"\r\nTreasures of the Royal Courts: Tudors, Stuarts and the Russian Tsars label text: \r\n\r\nGresham ‘Grasshopper’ rings\r\n1544–75\r\n\r\nThe bright green grasshoppers enamelled on the\r\nbacks of these rings are the badge of the financier\r\nand merchant Sir Thomas Gresham, who gave rings\r\nto his business associates engraved with their coats\r\nof arms and mottoes. These rings were gifts to the\r\nmilitary engineer Sir Richard Lee and Robert Taylor,\r\none of the Tellers of the Exchequer.\r\n\r\nEngland\r\nLeft: reverse painted, gilded and silvered rock crystal intaglio\r\nEngraved with the coat of arms of Robert Taylor in a gold ring enamelled\r\non the back; private collection\r\nRight: reverse painted, gilded, and silvered chalcedony intaglio\r\nEngraved with the coat of arms and motto ‘Flame et Fame’ of Sir Richard\r\nLee in a gold mount enamelled on the back; purchased with the aid of\r\nfunds provided by Mr L.C.G. Clarke; V&A M.249-1928","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["M.249-1928"],"accessionNumberNum":"249","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1928,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018KN7228","2019LR5508","2019LT6577","2019LV8567"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2005-12-15","availableToBook":false}}