{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O119786"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O119786/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV7144/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV7144/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BV7144","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O119786/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O119786","accessionNumber":"E.1419-1949","objectType":"Watercolour","titles":[{"title":"Mill House at Tilty, Essex","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Recording Britain Collection","type":"named collection"}],"summaryDescription":"The North Essex village of Tilty is best known for its Cistercian monastery; Walter Spradbery depicts one of its humbler corners here.  Spradbery, a graphic artist who designed a legendary series of posters for the London Passenger Transport Board (now London Transport), was one of the first artists to sign up for the Recording Britain project. This watercolour, dating from 1937, is one of the first produced for the scheme.","physicalDescription":"A watercolour drawing of the mill house at Tilty; the mill house sits behind a flourishing hedge. A few cottages and small outbuildings are visible on either side. Signed.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Spradbery, Walter E.","id":"A5467"},"association":{"text":"painter (artist)","id":"AAT25136"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"watercolour","id":"x33202"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"watercolour drawing","id":"x37878"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Watercolour on paper","categories":[{"text":"Recording Britain Collection","id":"THES48901"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2008BV7144"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLH (VA)","id":"THES49654"},"free":"","case":"RB","shelf":"10","box":"C"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"watercolour","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Tilty","id":"x33503"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"09/1937","earliest":"1937-09-01","latest":"1937-09-30"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by the Pilgrim Trust","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"11.375","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"15.375","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Walter Spradbery'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Signed by the artist, lower right."}],"objectHistory":"This is one of the earliest watercolours commissioned by the Recording Britain scheme (1937). \r\n \r\nThe ‘Recording Britain’ collection of topographical watercolours and drawings was largely made in the early 1940s during the Second World War. In 1940 the Committee for the Employment of Artists in Wartime, part of the Ministry of Labour and National Service, launched a scheme to employ artists to record the home front in Britain, funded by a grant from the Pilgrim Trust. It ran until 1943 and some of the country’s finest watercolour painters, such as John Piper, Sir William Russell Flint and Rowland Hilder, were commissioned to make paintings and drawings of buildings, scenes, and places which captured a sense of national identity. Their subjects were typically English: market towns and villages, churches and country estates, rural landscapes and industries, rivers and wild places, monuments and ruins. Northern Ireland was not covered, only four Welsh counties were included, and a separate scheme ran in Scotland.\r\n\r\nThe scheme was known as ‘Recording the changing face of Britain’ and was established by Sir Kenneth Clark, then the director of the National Gallery. It ran alongside the official War Artists’ Scheme, which he also initiated. Clark was inspired by several motives: at the outbreak of war in 1939, there was a concern to document the British landscape in the face of the imminent threat of bomb damage, invasion, and loss caused by the operations of war. This was allied to an anxiety about changes to the landscape already underway, such as the rapid growth of cities, road building and housing developments, the decline of rural ways of life and industries, and new agricultural practices, which together contributed to the idea of a ‘vanishing Britain’. Clark also wanted to help artists, and the traditional forms of British art such as watercolour painting, to survive during the uncertain conditions of wartime. He in turn was inspired by America’s Federal Arts Project which was designed to give artists employment during the Great Depression of the 1930s.\r\n\r\nOver 1500 works were eventually produced by 97 artists, of whom 63 were specially commissioned. At the time the collection had a propaganda role, intended to boost national morale by celebrating Britain’s landscapes and heritage. Three exhibitions were held during the war at the National Gallery, and pictures from the collection were sent on touring exhibitions and to galleries all around the country. After the war, the whole collection was given to the V&A by the Pilgrim Trust in 1949, and it was documented in a four volume catalogue published between 1946 and 1949. For many years the majority of the collection was on loan to councils and record offices in each county, until recalled by the V&A around 1990. The pictures now form a memorial to the war effort, and a unique record of their time.","historicalContext":"Walter Spradbery, best known as a graphic artist (his London Transport poster designs are legendary), served as a war artist during the First World War, making him one of several Recording Britain artists to have worked for the government in both world wars.","briefDescription":"Watercolour, 'Mill House, Tilty, Essex', by Walter E. Spradbery; from the Recording Britain Collection (Essex); England, 1937.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Catalogue of Drawings in the 'Recording Britain' Collection given by the Pilgrim Trust to the Victoria and Albert Museum</u> published by the Victoria and Albert Museum, Prints, Drawings and Paintings Department, 1951."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Palmer, Arnold, ed. <u>Recording Britain</u>. London: Oxford University Press, 1946-49.  Vol 2: Essex, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, Northhamptonshire and Rutlandshire, Norfolk, Yorkshire. pp. 30-31, illus."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bettley, James and Nikolaus Pevsner. <u>The Buildings of England: Essex</u>.  New Haven and London: Yale, 2007.  p.787."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Tilty","id":"x33503"},{"text":"Essex","id":"x29455"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"Second World War","id":"V72"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"mills","id":"AAT6270"},{"text":"topographical views","id":"AAT15566"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1419-1949"],"accessionNumberNum":"1419","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1949,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2005-12-15","availableToBook":false}}