{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1194603"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1194603/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EU0501/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EU0501/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011EU0501","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1194603/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1194603","accessionNumber":"CIRC.120-1965","objectType":"Doorbell","titles":[{"title":"Friedland electic doorbell and fittings","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Victor and Efim Friedland founded V. and E. Friedland in 1932 in London. They had fled Belarus following the Russian Revolution to settle in Germany, fleeing again to London in 1932 to found their business. In 1940 they relocated their operations to Lowerhouse Mill in Bollington and made essential voltage control that were fitted into aircraft including Spitfires, Lancasters and Hurricanes. The business subsequently diversified into plastics and after World War II became the biggest doorbell and chime producers in the world, as well as manufacturers of Frido footballs and Sasha dolls.\n\nNorman Stevenson also designed other chime products for Friedlands including the Big Ben 104, Hi-Lo 952 and Warbler 453 and designed drawing instruments such as set squares and slide rules for A.G. Thornton Ltd (Manchester, 1880 - 1992).","physicalDescription":"Friedland electric doorbell and fittings, acrylic and polystyrene cases and phosphor bronze contacts.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Stevenson, Norman","id":"A39164"},"association":{"text":"designers","id":"AAT25190"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"V. & E. Friedland Ltd","id":"A39165"},"association":{"text":"manufacturers","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"acrylic","id":"AAT14426"},{"text":"polystyrene","id":"AAT14492"},{"text":"bronze","id":"AAT10957"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Acrylic and polystyrene cases and phosphor bronze contacts","categories":[{"text":"Design Council Award Winner","id":"THES49046"},{"text":"Product design","id":"THES49025"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2011EU0501"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES338009"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"doorbell","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1964","earliest":"1959-01-01","latest":"1968-12-31"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by the Council of Industrial Design","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Historical significance: Winner of the Design Centre Award in 1964.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Friedland electric doorbell and fittings, designed by the company's design staff with Norman Stevenson, manufactured by V&E Friedland Ltd ca. 1964","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Crowther, Lily. Award Winning British Design 1957-1988. London: V&A Publishing, 2012.","id":"AUTH317210"},"details":"p.55","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["CIRC.120-1965"],"accessionNumberNum":"120","accessionNumberPrefix":"CIRC","accessionYear":1965,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2021NB6093"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-19","recordCreationDate":"2011-04-26","availableToBook":true}}