{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O118173"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O118173/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AN2793/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AN2793/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AN2793","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JY0507","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O118173/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O118173","accessionNumber":"C.123-1931","objectType":"Albarello","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The technique of lustre decoration on ceramics was first developed in Iraq in the 9th century. Potters used the lustre technique to make their wares shine like gold.\r\n\r\nFirst a glazed vessel or tile with little or no decoration was made in the normal way. When the piece had cooled, a design was painted over the glaze in metallic compounds. The pot or tile was then fired again, this time with a restricted supply of oxygen. In these conditions, the metallic compounds broke down, and a thin deposit of copper or silver was left on the surface of the glaze. When polished, this surface layer reflected the light.\r\n\r\nThe lustre technique was introduced to Spain from Egypt as early as the 12th century. In the 13th century, Muslim-ruled Málaga was the main centre of production, but in the 14th century, Christian-ruled Valencia took over. Potters there continued to use Islamic designs, such as the bands resembling Arabic calligraphy on this jar.","physicalDescription":"Tall albarello with a flat foot, whitish tin-glaze and painting in golden-brown lustre and dark blue. The painted decoration includes arched panels enclosing tree and leaf motifs, stars within circles, and a broad band of pseudo-Kufic writing.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"earthenware","id":"x29356"}],"techniques":[{"text":"lustre","id":"x36217"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Earthenware with overglaze lustre decoration","categories":[{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AN2793","2017JY0507"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"42 (VA)","id":"THES49806"},"free":"","case":"2W","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Drug vase","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Valencia","id":"x31243"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1375-1400","earliest":"1375-01-01","latest":"1400-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Sir Otto Beit, Bt KCMG","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"36.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"14.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Albarello (drug-jar) with brown lustre and dark blue decoration including pseudo-Kufic writing, Spain (probably Valencia), 1375-1400.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Ray, Anthony. <i>Spanish Pottery 1248-1898 : with a catalogue of the collection in the Victoria and Albert Museum</i> London, V&A Publications, 2000","id":"AUTH354425"},"details":"p. 56, no. 122 and Colour Plate 10","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Rosser-Owen, Mariam. Islamic Arts from Spain. London: V&A Publishing, 2010.","id":"AUTH407991"},"details":"p.98","free":""}],"production":"Hispano-Moresque","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Jameel Gallery \r\n\r\nDrug Jar\r\nSpain, probably Valencia\r\n1375-1400\r\n\r\nThe lustre technique was introduced to Spain from Egypt as early as the 12th century. In the 13th century, Muslim-ruled Málaga was the main centre of production, but in the 14th century, Christian-ruled Valencia took over. Potters there continued to use Islamic designs, such as the bands resembling Arabic calligraphy on this jar. \r\n\r\nEarthenware with colour in and lustre over the opaque glaze\r\n\r\nMuseum no. C.123-1931\r\nBequest of Sir Otto Beit, Bt, KCMG","date":{"text":"Jameel Gallery","earliest":"2006-07-20","latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["C.123-1931"],"accessionNumberNum":"123","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1931,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR2633","2019LT1675","2019LU2094"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-05-07","recordCreationDate":"2005-11-04","availableToBook":false}}