{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1164693"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1164693/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2014GY4488/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2014GY4488/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2014GY4488","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1164693/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1164693","accessionNumber":"S.3995-1994","objectType":"Poster","titles":[{"title":"Hanging card advertising the Christy Minstrels at St. James's Hall, ca.1865","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"St. James's Hall was opened in London's Piccadilly in March 1858 by Chappell & Company and Cramer & Company as one of London's leading concert halls seating 2,000 people. From 1862 until 1904 it also became known for its continuous production of blackface minstrelsy performed by the resident minstrel troupe the Christy Minstrels and later the Moore and Burgess Minstrels, in in one of the smaller halls known as the Lower Hall, located on the ground floor near the restaurant, below the main hall. \n\nThe tenor John Rawlinson (1839-1875) performed with the group when they first appeared at St. James's Hall.","physicalDescription":"Pictorial and typographic. Lithograph of J. Rawlinson.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"printing","id":"AAT53319"},{"text":"lithography","id":"AAT53271"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Printing ink on paper","categories":[{"text":"Entertainment & Leisure","id":"THES48959"},{"text":"Advertising","id":"THES49001"},{"text":"Posters","id":"THES252963"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"T&P","id":"THES48602"},"images":["2014GY4488"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES345226"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"posters","id":"AAT27221"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":"Probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1865","earliest":"1860-01-01","latest":"1869-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"x46159"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"S.3993-1994","id":"O1164691"},"association":"Object"},{"object":{"text":"S.3994-1994","id":"O1164692"},"association":"Object"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"38.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"poster","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"28.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"poster","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Associated Production: Christy Minstrels. Performers: J. Rawlinson, Christy Minstrels. St. James's Hall, Piccadilly, London. Performance category: minstrels.\r\n\r\nNB 'Black and white minstrels' or 'blackface minstrelsy' originated in the United States around 1830 and was based on racist negative stereotypes of African Americans. White performers used black make-up to blacken their skin. Blackface minstrelsy played a significant role in cementing and proliferating racist attitudes. The term is repeated here in its original historical context.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Hanging card advertising the Christy Minstrels at St. James's Hall, London featuring a lithograph of John Rawlinson (1839-1875), ca.1865","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Rawlinson, J.","id":"N13931"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["S.3995-1994"],"accessionNumberNum":"3995","accessionNumberPrefix":"S","accessionYear":1994,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2010-07-27","availableToBook":true}}