{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O11570"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O11570/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM3397/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM3397/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM3397","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM3398","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM3396","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O11570/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O11570","accessionNumber":"C.88-1930","objectType":"Jug","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>One of the constant needs of a rural community was for massive beer or cider jugs. While the larger sizes of imported German stoneware bottle would have satisfied most needs, native potters made many plain lead-glazed earthenware jugs for carrying water from the well or carrying liquor to the harvesters in the field. It is mainly the inscribed presents such as this piece that have survived.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>This is a country potter's response to imported German stoneware. Since the basic clay is dark red, the desired treacle-brown colour is produced by adding iron and manganese to the lead glaze, while the decoration is confined to the application of small moulded 'prunts' (protrusions) and some hand-modelling. The precious white pipe-clay has been used sparingly.<br><br><b>Design & Designing</b><br>The jug itself is entirely functional and practical. However, the decoration contains elements borrowed from a variety of sources. The mask on the front was clearly inspired by stoneware bottles imported from Frechen (in Germany), and the applied medallions can also be traced to this source. The overall covering with prunts is reminiscent of contemporary imported blue and grey stonewares from the Westerwald in Germany. It is unlikely that the Wrotham potters would have been familiar with similar prunts on German glass.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Ifield, John","id":"A9354"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"probably"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lead-glazed earthenware, with impressed and applied relief decoration, and additional decoration in white slip","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM3397","2006AM3398","2006AM3396"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"56D","id":"THES49242"},"free":"","case":"CA13","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Jug","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Wrotham","id":"x33937"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1674","earliest":"1674-01-01","latest":"1674-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"31.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"25","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"26","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: measured; 15/07/1999 by DW","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Applied and impressed with the initials 'IL', 'IE', and 'II' and the date 1674","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":"A8877"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Probably made by John Ifield of Wrotham, Kent","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"English jug","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"Dated 1674","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nEARLY SLIPWARE<br>\nThe use of slip (liquid clay) to pipe simple designs onto clay vessels was familiar to Roman potters and became popular in The Netherlands after 1600. The farmer-potters of Wrotham, Kent were influenced by slipware bowls from The Netherlands and also by stoneware bottles from Germany, with applied moulded decoration. They supplied a purely local market and had no influence on mainstream developments in Staffordshire.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}},{"text":"Jug\nMade in Kent, Wrotham, 1674\nInitials in relief \"IL\" and \"II\" (perhaps for the potter John Ifield) and \"IE\"\nRed earthenware, lead glazed with details of decoration in applied white clay\n\nC.88-1930","date":{"text":"23/05/2008","earliest":"2008-05-23","latest":"2008-05-23"}}],"partNumbers":["C.88-1930"],"accessionNumberNum":"88","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1930,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LP7368","2019LP5653","2019LV7316"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-24","recordCreationDate":"1999-07-14","availableToBook":false}}