{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O115213"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O115213/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AA7674/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AA7674/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AA7674","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2025PB6731","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2025PB6730","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O115213/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O115213","accessionNumber":"LOAN:SOUTHWARK CATHEDRAL.4-2005","objectType":"Ciborium","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"In the 19th century the revival of interest in medieval ritual led the Anglican church to adopt vessels it had not used since the Reformation. One of these was the ciborium (for holding the consecrated bread for the Eucharist) which could now be ordered from Roman Catholic or Anglican suppliers. \r\n\r\nSurviving records for the manufacturers, John Hardman & Co., show that St George's Cathedral bought this ciborium for £20 in March 1846. It was designed by A.W.N. Pugin, a highly influential architect who promoted the Gothic as the true Christian style.","physicalDescription":"Ciborium, silver, parcel-gilt, set with semi-precious stones. Hemispherical bowl with an engraved arcaded pattern terminating in trefoils and with mouldings. Engraved calyx and stem; moulded collet. The bosses setr with carbuncles. The mullet shaped foot engraved; the lobes each with a Cross of St George. The cover engraved and set with semi-precious stones, inscribed \" sanctus \" surmounted by a cross.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"A.W. Pugin","id":"A8761"},"association":{"text":"designer","id":"x36960"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"John Hardman","id":"A9144"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"silver gilt","id":"x37998"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, parcel-gilt, semi-precious stones","categories":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AA7674","2025PB6731","2025PB6730"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"83","id":"THES49711"},"free":"","case":"CA4B","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"83","id":"THES49711"},"free":"","case":"CA4B","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"ciborium","id":""}],[{"text":"lid","id":"AAT45712"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Birmingham","id":"x28748"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1845-1846","earliest":"1845-05-29","latest":"1846-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Lent by St. George's Roman Catholic Cathedral","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"29","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"14","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Of  base","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Birmingham hallmarks for 1845-6 on the bowl.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Mark of John Hardman and Co on the bowl.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"The Gothic Revival\r\nIn the Victorian period a dramatic and profound change took place in religious life. Centred on a renewed interest in the Middle Ages, it affected the appearance of churches and how services were conducted. The influential architect A.W.N. Pugin promoted the Gothic as the true Christian style. Although Pugin was Catholic, his theory appealed to Anglicans of the Oxford Movement - radicals who hoped to restore pre-Reformation services to the Church of England.\r\n\r\nThe Cambridge Camden Society, founded in 1839, studied the past to identify the medieval architecture and furnishings that would be appropriate for the revived services. The society became an arbiter of style, offering an Anglicised version of the Gothic. By the 1870s some of the equipment normally found in Catholic worship, such as the ciborium, was appearing in Anglican churches.\r\n\r\nIt was not universally welcomed. Some observers found the incense, the altar cross and the emphasis on ritual scandalously 'Popish' or 'high church'.\r\n\r\nThe Gothic Revival in Europe\r\nThe Gothic revival in Europe owed more to nationalism than religious zeal. The completion of Cologne's medieval cathedral was an affirmation of German culture. In the Habsburg empire, Czechs and Hungarians similarly expressed national pride through Gothic architecture.\r\n\r\nChampions of the Gothic claimed by the 1850s that the style was triumphant in Europe. But classical architecture remained a serious rival, even in church building. Much of the most important Gothic work was in church restoration. In Germany and France, goldsmiths like Franz Xaver Hellner supplied Gothic church furnishings.","briefDescription":"Ciborium, silver, parcel-gilt with semi-precious stones, Birmingham hallmarks for 1845-6, made by John Hardman and Co, designed by A.W.N. Pugin","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"<i>Copy or creation: Victorian treasures from English churches: exhibition organised by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths and the Victorian Society, 17 May to 7th June 1967, at Goldsmiths' Hall</i>","id":"AUTH356741"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Exhibition: 'Makers of Modern Gothic: A.W.N. Pugin and John Hardman Jr', Julie and Robert Breckman Galleries, V&amp;A, 3rd February - 26th October 2025 \n\nCiborium for St George's Church,\r\nSouthwark\r\n1845-6\n\nThis ciborium has St George crosses encircling the base. Designed by Pugin and built by Myers, St George's Church became a cathedral in 1852. Pugin's connection to it was personal. There in 1848 he married his third wife, Jane. Her aunt Elizabeth and uncle John Knill were members of the congregation. \n\nSilver, partly gilded, semi-precious stones\r\nDesigned by A.W.N. Pugin, made by John Hardman &amp; Co., Birmingham\r\nLent by St George's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Southwark\r\nMuseum no. LOAN:SOUTHWARKCATHEDRAL.4-2005","date":{"text":"03/02/2025","earliest":"2025-02-03","latest":"2025-02-03"}},{"text":"Ciborium\r\nIn the 19th century the revival of interest in medieval ritual led the Anglican church to adopt vessels it had not used since the Reformation. One of these was the ciborium (for holding the consecrated bread for the Eucharist) which could now be ordered from Roman Catholic or Anglican suppliers. \r\n\r\nSurviving records for the manufacturers, John Hardman & Co., show that St George's Cathedral bought this ciborium for £20 in March 1846. It was designed by A.W.N. Pugin, a highly influential architect who promoted the Gothic as the true Christian style.\r\n\r\nBirmingham, England, 1845-6; designed by A.W.N.\r\nPugin (1812-52), made by John Hardman & Co.\r\nSilver, partly gilded, set with semi-precious stones\r\nLent by St George's Roman Catholic Cathedral,\r\nSouthwark","date":{"text":"22/11/2005","earliest":"2005-11-22","latest":"2005-11-22"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:SOUTHWARK CATHEDRAL.4-2005","LOAN:SOUTHWARK CATHEDRAL.4:1-2005"],"accessionNumberNum":"4","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:SOUTHWARK CATHEDRAL","accessionYear":2005,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-10-27","recordCreationDate":"2005-08-11","availableToBook":false}}