{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O114185"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O114185/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH8129/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH8129/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BH8129","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011FA7523","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O114185/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O114185","accessionNumber":"E.1278-1936","objectType":"Engraving","titles":[{"title":"Rhetorica","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Septem Liberales Artes","type":"series title"}],"summaryDescription":"This print is from a series of etchings by Francis Cleyn showing the liberal arts as female figures. The seven liberal arts were defined in late antiquity, and became the traditional curriculum of secular learning in the Middle Ages. They were divided into two groups: the trivium (grammar, logic or dialectics and rhetoric) and the quadrivium (geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and music). Representing the liberal arts as young women with their identifying attributes complements the conventional description of them by the grammarian Martianus Capellus, made as early as the fifth century.\r\n\r\nThis print shows a male and female figure sitting at a desk, with the male intently listening to the female, who represents Rhetoric. The window in the corner opens to a view of somebody addressing a crowd of people.","physicalDescription":"Print showing female and male figures sitting at a desk, the male figure is making notes, with books on the floor and a bird in a birdcage above.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Cleyn, Francis","id":"A1338"},"association":{"text":"etcher","id":"AAT25174"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Hinde","id":"A38479"},"association":{"text":"Publisher","id":"x32600"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"etching","id":"AAT53241"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Etching on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Ornament prints","id":"THES49038"},{"text":"Allegory","id":"THES250534"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006BH8129","2011FA7523"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"EO","shelf":"11","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"AAT53319"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1645","earliest":"1645-01-01","latest":"1645-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"AAT53319"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"E.1273-1936","id":"O114180"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.1274-1936","id":"O114181"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.1275-1936","id":"O114182"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.1276-1936","id":"O114183"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.1277-1936","id":"O114184"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.1279-1936","id":"O114186"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.1280-1936","id":"O114187"},"association":"Set"}],"creditLine":"Given by Mr Arthur Laws","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"12.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Cut to ","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"10.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Cut to ","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Lettered in the upper right of the plate: \r\n\r\n'RHETORICA'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"The seven liberal arts were defined in late antiquity, and became the traditional curriculum of secular learning in the Middle Ages. They were divided into two groups: the trivium (Grammar, Logic or Dialetics and Rhetoric) and the quadrivium (Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy and Music). This representation of them as young women and their identifying attributes matches the conventional description made as early as the fifth century by the grammarian Martianus Capellus.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Francis Cleyn, 'Rhetorica'. Plate from a suite of 7 including title plate showing the seven liberal arts entitled 'Septem Liberales Artes'. London, England, 1645.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1936</u>, London: Board of Education, 1937."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"D. Guilmard, <u>Les Maîtres Ornemanistes</u>, Paris, 1880-81, p.398, no. 43"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"personification","id":"AAT55905"},{"text":"liberal arts (Medieval studies)","id":"AAT54582"},{"text":"birdcage","id":"AAT220907"},{"text":"books","id":"AAT28051"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"EIGHT PRINTS: THE SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS\r\nEnglish, 1645\r\nEtchings by Francis Clein (1582-1658), published in London\r\n\r\nThe seven liberal arts were defined in late antiquity, and became the traditional curriculum of secular learning in the middle ages. They were divided into two goups: the trivium (Grammar, Logic or Dialectics and Rhetoric) and quadrivium (Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy and Music). This representation of them as young women and their idenitfying attributes matches the conventional description made as early as the fifth century by the grammarian Martianus Capellus.\r\n\r\nE. 1273-80 - 1936 (Given by Mr. Arthur Lewis)<i>[sic, Laws]</i>","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["E.1278-1936"],"accessionNumberNum":"1278","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2005-07-18","availableToBook":false}}