{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1141241"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1141241/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CT3877/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CT3877/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CT3877","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Edward Hartwig Estate","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009CT2343","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Edward Hartwig Estate","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1141241/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1141241","accessionNumber":"E.650-2009","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"Vienna by Night","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Edward Hartwig was a Polish photographer active over 50 years as a practitioner and champion of the medium. Hartwig's early success as a fine art photographer followed his images of 'mists' and other Impressionistic or Pictorialist approaches. 'Vienna by Night', dates from 1933 and is one such image. In the photograph the artist has framed the twin spires of the city's Votivkirche (Votive Church) through an archway with light from a series of street lamps reflecting off of a wet pavement. It is a beautifully composed, balanced image and of a visual language and printing process reflecting what was produced by his contemporaries elsewhere in Europe and in America in the early 20th century, for example Alfred Stieglitz and Alvin Langdon Coburn. The soft focus, reminiscent of a painting or etching, was a device employed by the Pictorialists along with more hands-on printing methods, such as the gum bichromate process used here, which allowed manipulation of the emulsion with brushes. 'Vienna by Night' was found in Hartwig's suitcase after his death, and was apparently one of his favourite prints.","physicalDescription":"Black and white photograph of portico in Vienna with cathedral in background.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Hartwig, Edward","id":"A29518"},"association":{"text":"photographer","id":"x43821"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gum bichromate print","categories":[{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2009CT3877","2009CT2343"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"X","shelf":"942","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photograph","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Vienna","id":"x29246"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1933","earliest":"1933-01-01","latest":"1933-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Acquired with the support of the Friends of the V&A","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"27.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"22.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Photograph, gum bichromate print, 'Vienna by Night', Edward Hartwig, Vienna, 1933.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Gallery 100 ‘A History of Photography’, 2014-2015, label text:\r\n\r\nEdward Hartwig (1909–2003)\r\n‘Vienna by Night’\r\n1933\r\n\r\nIn this atmospheric city scene, an archway frames the twin spires of Vienna’s Votive Church. A wet pavement reflects the street lamps above. The soft focus and evening light evoke the mood of a nocturne painting by Whistler, an artist widely admired by Pictorialist photographers. Hartwig said this was one of his favourite prints, and it was found in his suitcase after his death.\r\n\r\nGum bichromate print\r\nAcquired with the support of the Friends of the V&A\r\nMuseum no. E.650-2009\r\n","date":{"text":"06 03 2014","earliest":"2014-03-06","latest":"2014-03-06"}}],"partNumbers":["E.650-2009"],"accessionNumberNum":"650","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2009,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2009-12-02","availableToBook":false}}