{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O113483"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O113483/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2025PJ5573/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2025PJ5573/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2025PJ5573","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BF9529","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AC6667","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LL3571","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2023NP5795","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O113483/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O113483","accessionNumber":"P.16-1962","objectType":"drawing","titles":[{"title":"The Combat","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Angel or Devil","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"This drawing depicts a dramatic nightmare battle between an angel and a devil. The mysteries associated with the night fascinated the British artist Paul Nash (1889-1946). He explored the notion that sometimes only the trees witnessed events that took place after dark. \r\n\r\nIn an accompanying poem Nash describes this scene. \r\n\r\n‘A place of gibbet-shapen trees and black abyss           \r\nWhere gaunt hills brooded dark and evil\r\nGirdled by dense wet woods and rushing streams\r\nA dread place seen only in dreams\r\nOf which there is no history but this \r\nThat on yon' stony tor\r\nAn angel fought a devil.’","physicalDescription":"Pencil, ink and wash drawing of a male figure fighting a bird-like creature on the top of a hill.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Nash, Paul","id":"A819"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"wash","id":"AAT11051"},{"text":"gouache","id":"AAT70114"}],"techniques":[{"text":"drawing (image making)","id":"AAT54196"},{"text":"wash technique","id":"AAT182748"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Pen, ink and wash with white heightening on paper, mounted on board","categories":[{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"},{"text":"Images Online","id":"THES48937"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2025PJ5573","2006BF9529","2006AC6667","2019LL3571","2023NP5795"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"MB2A","shelf":"DR77","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Britain","id":"x32019"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1910","earliest":"1910-01-01","latest":"1910-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by the Paul and Margaret Nash Trust, in accordance with the wishes of Margaret Nash","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"35.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"25.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from <u>Victoria & Albert Museum Department of Prints and Drawings and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1962</u>. London: HMSO, 1964.","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'P. N.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Signed with monogram, lower left"}],"objectHistory":"This drawing was formerly entitled 'Angel and Devil '.   See Margot Eastes, <i>Paul Nash</i>, 1948, p.50; Paul Nash, <i>Outline</i>, 1949, repr. p.64; Anthony Bertram, <i>Paul Nash</i>, 1955, p.61, 62, 280, 319.  It was exhibited at the Oxford Arts Club, 1931 (No.11).  It was exhibited at the Oxford Arts Club, 1931 (No.11).","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Drawing, The Combat, by Paul Nash, pencil, ink and wash, 1910.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Eates, Margot, <u> Paul Nash </u>, 1948, p.50"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Nash, Paul, <u> Outline </u>, 1949"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bertram, Anthony, <u>Paul Nash </u>, 1955, pp 61, 62, 280, 319"},{"reference":{"text":"Nash, Paul, <i>Paul Nash, paintings and watercolours</>, London, Tate Gallery Publications, 1975","id":"AUTH356855"},"details":"p.47","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"ed. Michael Bracewell, Martin Clark and Alun Rowlands, <u>The Dark Monarch: Magic & Modernity in British Art</u> London: Tate Publishing, 2009. ISBN: 9781854378743."},{"reference":{"text":"Jenkins, David Fraser, <i>Paul Nash: the elements</i>, London, Dulwich Picture Gallery, 2010.","id":"AUTH356848"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria & Albert Museum Department of Prints and Drawings and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1962</u>. London: HMSO, 1964."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"David Boyd Haycock<u>Nash, Nevinson, Spencer, Gertler, Carrington, Bomberg. A Crisis of Brilliance 1908-22</u> London: Dulwich Picture Gallery, 2013. ISBN: 9781857598186."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"p. 68","free":"Emma Chambers, ed. <u>Paul Nash</u> London : Tate Publishing, 2016. 9781849764919 "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"night","id":"AAT133095"},{"text":"angel","id":"x30526"},{"text":"devil","id":"x35366"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["P.16-1962"],"accessionNumberNum":"16","accessionNumberPrefix":"P","accessionYear":1962,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Exhibition number","id":"THES288584"},"number":"No.11 (Oxford  Arts Club, 1931)"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2005-06-28","availableToBook":false}}