{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1131140"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1131140/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2022NH5200/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2022NH5200/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2022NH5200","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020MM1909","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1131140/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1131140","accessionNumber":"543-1899","objectType":"Five figures","titles":[{"title":"toy figure","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"These five tin figures represent characters from a type of theatre known as 'commedia dell'arte'. Stock characters acted out unscripted, comic, plots that involved cunning servants, boastful soldiers and young lovers. The characters represented here appear to be Scaramouche, Covielle, the Captain, the Doctor and Pulcinella. The form originated in Italy and by the 1550s enjoyed great popularity across Europe. By the 18th century, the characters were so popular they appeared in paintings, tapestries, and as porcelain figurines. This group of figures could have been made for a child's toy theatre, or possibly for an adult collector assembling a diorama (a small-scale model of a scene or event).\nThe figures were given to the South Kensington Museum in 1899, and originally identified as Italian - presumably because they represent figures from the Italian stage. However, it is more likely they were produced in Nuremberg, Germany, where two-dimensional pewter figures were first cast in the 1770s. ","physicalDescription":"Cast pewter (tin alloy), painted","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Hilpert, Johann Georg","id":"AUTH392189"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Hilpert, Johann Gottfried","id":"AUTH392190"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"tin","id":"AAT133748"}],"techniques":[{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"tin ","categories":[{"text":"Figures","id":"THES274372"},{"text":"Dolls & Toys","id":"THES48967"},{"text":"Theatre","id":"THES250537"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"YVA","id":"THES48593"},"images":["2022NH5200","2020MM1909"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES390293"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES390293"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES390293"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES390293"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES390293"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Figure","id":""}],[{"text":"Figure","id":""}],[{"text":"Figure","id":""}],[{"text":"Figure","id":""}],[{"text":"Figure","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Nuremberg","id":"x29057"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1780-1800","earliest":"1780-01-01","latest":"1800-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Sydney Vacher, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"Converted from measurement in inches published in Acquisitions Register.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"The height of the figures ranges from 5 cm to 6 cm, approx."}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"pewter, painted, Germany (Nuremberg), 1780-1800, probably from the workshop of Johann Gottfried and Johann Georg Hilpert.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>List of the Works of Art acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum During the Year 1899</u>. London: HMSO, 1903."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Norman, Joanna. 'Performance'. In: <u>The Arts of Living. Europe 1600-1815</u>, ed. Elizabeth Miller and Hilary Young. London: V&amp;A Publishing, 2016, pp.144-47."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Herbert Kisielewski, <u>Kleine Figuren aus Zinn. Einst klassisches Knabenspielzeug heute begehrtes Sammelobjekt und Männerspielzeug</u>. Master's thesis, Vienna, Universität Wien, 2014."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"https://www.erih.net/i-want-to-go-there/site/german-tin-figure-museum/"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["543-1899","543A-1899","543B-1899","543C-1899","543D-1899"],"accessionNumberNum":"543","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1899,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Figure [1]","Figure [2]","Figure [3]","Figure [4]","Figure [5]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2024-07-31","recordCreationDate":"2009-07-01","availableToBook":false}}