{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O111348"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O111348/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ9370/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ9370/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AJ9370","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O111348/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O111348","accessionNumber":"M.12&A-1973","objectType":"Knife and fork","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This is a set of an invory knife and fork. The handle of the knife represents the apostle St James the Greater, dressed as a pilgrim and that of the fork represents a huntsman. The style of the carving suggests these pieces are Netherlandish and date from the late seventeenth century. \nKnives have been used since prehistoric times, but the history of knives, forks and spoons for eating in Europe probably commenced in the fourteenth century, and their use became accepted by the sixteenth century. Until the late seventeenth century it seems to have been common practice for people to carry their own cutlery, often in a leather case. Ebony, ivory, fish skin, tortoiseshell, amber, bone, horn and shell were all popular for decorating cutlery. Around 1730 ceramic handles were introduced to Europe from China. Although cutlers were required by their guilds to be able to make a complete knife, handles of carved ivory, silver, bronze and glass were usually imported or made by specialist craftsmen.\r\n","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"steel","id":"AAT133751"},{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"},{"text":"forging","id":"AAT54033"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved ivory, the blade and prongs of steel, with silver mounts","categories":[{"text":"Eating","id":"THES48963"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Tableware & cutlery","id":"THES48888"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AJ9370"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"015","id":"THES408843"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"015","id":"THES408843"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"knife (culinary tool)","id":""}],[{"text":"Fork","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Netherlands","id":"x29020"},"association":{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"},"note":"handles"},{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably, the blades"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1680 - ca. 1700","earliest":"1675-01-01","latest":"1704-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"the handles"},{"date":{"text":"ca. 1690","earliest":"1685-01-01","latest":"1694-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"the blades"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mrs E.B. Patient through Rev. W.R.B. Chown","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Given by Mrs E.B. Patient through the Rev. W.R.B. Chown of Romford, Essex in 1973.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Knife and fork, ivory, blade and prongs of steel, the handles Netherlandish, ca. 1680-1700, the blade and prongs probably German, ca. 1690","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013","id":"AUTH329728"},"details":"p. 428","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013, p. 428, cat. no. 451"}],"production":"The handles, Dutch, the blade and prongs, probably German.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["M.12A-1973","M.12-1973"],"accessionNumberNum":"12","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1973,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Fork","knife (culinary tool)"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-09","recordCreationDate":"2005-04-19","availableToBook":true}}