{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O110373"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O110373/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AE9330/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AE9330/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AE9330","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O110373/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O110373","accessionNumber":"A.32-1923","objectType":"Cameo","titles":[{"title":"Roman Emperor","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"An intaglio carving is cut into the surface of the material and a cameo is in relief. The art of gemstone carving was known in ancient Greece and Rome and revived in Renaissance Italy, when connoisseurs began to form rich collections of engraved stones. Shell cameos, which were cheaper and more easily worked, became fashionable in the 19th century. Many were bought by tourists as souvenirs.\r\n\r\nThis is a puzzling piece, and its attribution remains uncertain. Although previously called Italian and thought to date from around 1530, this cameo is similar in style to the head on a statuette of the Emperor Domitian in the Grünes Gewölbe in Dresden, one of several such statuettes once belonging to the Elector Augustus the Strong, and created by Johann Bernhard Schwarze[n]burger (1672-1741). It also relates to a cameo in a private collection in the USA, that has been tentaively attributed to Schwarze[n]burger on stylistic analogies with the figure in Dresden.\r\n\r\nSchwarzeburger did not sign his work, and so his cameos may exist unrecognized. The Idar-Oberstein region of Germany had a long history of mining and lapidary work, yet only rarely are cameos in museum collections described as German. Tantalisingly This may be one of those, though we should not rule out the possibility that it is in fact Italian, dating from the early 16th century, as prevously thought.\r\n","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Johann Bernhard Schwarzeburger","id":"AUTH346579"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28674"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Agate","id":"AAT11135"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Layered agate, in later gold mount","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2006AE9330"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"111 (VA)","id":"THES49918"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"3","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Cameo. Perhaps the Emperor Hadrian","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1720-1740","earliest":"1720-01-01","latest":"1740-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"The later date of the early 18th century is here put forward because of the cameo's similarity to a statuette of the Emperor Domitian  in the Grünes Gewöolbe, Dresden by Johann Bernhard Schwarzeburger (1672-1741). The attribution was suggested by Judith Barber, a collector of cameos based in New York City (email of 11 August 2017)."},{"date":{"text":"1720-40","earliest":"1720-01-01","latest":"1740-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Possibly"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Alfred Williams Hearn Gift","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Cameo of a Roman Emperor, agate, Italy, ca. 1530; or perhaps German, early 18th century","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["A.32-1923"],"accessionNumberNum":"32","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1923,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR2013","2019LR5468","2019LX0637"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2005-03-16","availableToBook":false}}