{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1100094"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1100094/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FR3115/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FR3115/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2012FR3115","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1100094/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1100094","accessionNumber":"2204-1936","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"Leopard.  Benin.","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Photograph of a bronze sculpture of a leopard from an exhibition of African art ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Walker Evans","id":"A10020"},"association":{"text":"photographer","id":"x43821"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"Photography","id":"AAT54225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Photograph","categories":[{"text":"Africa","id":"THES49019"},{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"},{"text":"Animals and Wildlife","id":"THES250852"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2012FR3115"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"X","shelf":"202","box":"II"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photograph","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"Yes-general","note":"NB: The term \"negro\" was used historically to describe people of black African heritage but, since the 1960s, has fallen from usage and, increasingly, is considered offensive. The term is repeated here in its original historical context."}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"New York","id":"x29030"},"association":{"text":"photographed","id":"x30151"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1935","earliest":"1935-01-01","latest":"1935-12-31"},"association":{"text":"photographed","id":"x30151"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"28","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Length of sculpture","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from the catalogue accompanying the exhibition of 1935","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"NB: The term \"negro\" was used historically to describe people of black African heritage but, since the 1960s, has fallen from usage and, increasingly, is considered offensive. The term is repeated here in its original historical context.\r\n\r\nLeopards were traditionally placed at either side of the entrances to king's palaces. This particular example was formerly in the collection of G. W. Neville, Esq., who was a member of the Benin Punitive Expedition of 1897, led by a British force of 1,200 men under Admiral Sir Harry Rawson in response to the defeat of a previous British-led invasion force under Acting Consul General James Philips (which had left all but two men dead).\nRawson's troops captured, burned, and looted Benin City, bringing to an end the West African Kingdom of Benin. As a result much of the country's art, including the Benin Bronzes, was either destroyed, looted or dispersed. \n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Photograph by Walker Evans depicting a sculpture of a leopard from Benin, from an exhibition entitled 'African Negro Art'.  New York, 1935. ","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"AFRICAN NEGRO ART\n\nPhotographs by Walker Evans \n\nList of Photographs\n\nThe Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1935"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>African Negro Art</u> Edited by James Johnson Sweeney, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1935"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Benin (historical region)","id":"THES377325"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"sculpture","id":"AAT47090"},{"text":"leopard","id":"x30393"},{"text":"animals","id":"x30274"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["2204-1936"],"accessionNumberNum":"2204","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-16","recordCreationDate":"2009-07-01","availableToBook":false}}