{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O109618"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O109618/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AE7704/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AE7704/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AE7704","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BB3123","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AE7716","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O109618/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O109618","accessionNumber":"M.1-2005","objectType":"Monstrance","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"A monstrance was used in Roman Catholic worship. It displayed the wafer or Sacred Host during the service of Benediction, in which the host was consecrated before Holy Communion.\r\n\r\nThis example was made for worship in a private Catholic chapel in England. Catholic worship at this period was centred on aristocratic families whose chapels were attended by members of their household and fellow Catholics in the neighbourhood. The 1760s was a testing time for Catholics. In this monstrance, the upper section unscrews from the baluster support so that it can be concealed if necessary. The upper section is not marked, and the maker’s mark only appears on the baluster support.\r\n\r\nThe few 18th-century monstrances that survive in private Catholic chapels in England were usually made on the Continent. This is a rare example of one made in London. The original tooled leather case is also a rare survival.","physicalDescription":"A silver-gilt monstrance on a circular spreading foot rising to a knopped baluster stem, unscrewing just under a circular sunburst formed of chased rays enclosing a band of gadrooning and surmounted by a cross; the glazed compartment with gilt interior and hinged door at the back.\r\n\r\nThe monstrance retains its original contemporary case (see M.2-2005).","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Weldring, John","id":"A16892"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"possibly"},{"name":{"text":"Wiburd, James","id":"A16893"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"possibly"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"silver-gilt","id":"x37998"}],"techniques":[{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AE7704","2006BB3123","2006AE7716"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"83","id":"THES49711"},"free":"","case":"CA4A","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Monstrance","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1767-1768","earliest":"1767-05-29","latest":"1768-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Purchased through the Hugh Phillips Bequest","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"36.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"includes cross at top of monstrance","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"16.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"13.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"of base","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Maker's mark IW with a pellet between in a rectangular punch.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"The maker's mark IW with a pellet between is recorded by A.G. Grimwade on a number of articles dating between 1763 and 1772. It may be that of John Weldring or James Wiburd see London Goldsmiths:their Marks and Lives 1697-1837, 3rd rev.edn, 1990,p.263)"},{"content":"London hallmarks for 1767-8","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"This is a very rare survival. Made for worship in a private Catholic chapel in England for use at Benediction, a service in which the host, representing the Body of Christ, was consecrated before use in the celebration of Holy Communion.\r\n\r\nThe 1760s was still a testing time for Catholic worship in England. The upper section of the monstrance unscrews from the baluster support so that it can be concealed if necessary. The upper monstrance section is not marked; the maker's mark only appears on the baluster support.\n\nHistorical significance: The few 18th century monstrances that survive in private English Catholic chapels were usually made on the continent.  This is a rare example of a monstrance made in London for Catholic worship in England. Catholic worship in England in the 18th century was centred on aristocratic families whose private chapels were attended by members of their household and members of the local community. Chapels attached to the leading London embassies welcomed Catholic Londoners. The Italian silver cross made in Turin which forms part of the Sardinian Embassy London Chapel plate makes an interesting comparison with this unique English example.","historicalContext":"Secret Catholicism\r\nAfter the Reformation, the Roman Catholic faith was severely restricted. Catholics who refused to attend Church of England services were known as recusants and until the late 17th century they had to worship in secret. However, the Dukes of Norfolk and aristocratic families such as the Arundells at Wardour Castle encouraged Catholic communities to use their private chapels and so kept the faith alive.\r\n\r\nThe Catholic plate that survives from before the 1660s is mainly limited to chalices, paxes and pyxes. These earlier pieces are rarely marked. After 1688, Catholic plate was more often hallmarked and the range of forms expanded to include sanctuary lamps, cruets and incense boats. \r\n\r\nIn London, Catholics could worship openly in foreign embassy chapels. The silver from the Sardinian Embassy chapel can be seen in the case to the right. During the reign of Charles II, Catholic courtiers could also attend the queen’s private chapel and that of the Queen Mother, Henrietta Maria.","briefDescription":"Silver, London hallmarks for 1767-8, mark of IW","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Monstrance\r\n \r\nA monstrance was used in Roman Catholic worship. It displayed the wafer or Sacred Host during the service of Benediction, in which the host was consecrated before Holy Communion.\r\n\r\nThis example was made for worship in a private Catholic chapel in England. Catholic worship at this period was centred on aristocratic families whose chapels were attended by members of their household and fellow Catholics in the neighbourhood. The 1760s was a testing time for Catholics. In this monstrance, the upper section unscrews from the baluster support so that it can be concealed if necessary. The upper section is not marked, and the maker’s mark only appears on the baluster support.\r\n\r\nThe few 18th-century monstrances that survive in private Catholic chapels in England were usually made on the Continent. This is a rare example of one made in London. The original tooled leather case is also a rare survival.\r\n\r\nLondon, England, 1767–8; maker’s mark ‘IW’\r\nSilver, with contemporary leather case\r\nMuseum nos. M.1, 2-2005. Purchased with funds\r\nfrom the Hugh Phillips Bequest","date":{"text":"22/11/2005","earliest":"2005-11-22","latest":"2005-11-22"}}],"partNumbers":["M.1-2005"],"accessionNumberNum":"1","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":2005,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-14","recordCreationDate":"2005-02-24","availableToBook":false}}