{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O109436"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O109436/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AC9727/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AC9727/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AC9727","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O109436","accessionNumber":"LOAN:KINGSWOOD.1","objectType":"Chalice and paten","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"A chalice and paten were used during Holy Communion to serve the consecrated wine and bread. In the Cromwellian period Protestant services were conducted with little ritual and only a few pieces of simple silverware. It was not until the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 that churches could again use a Gothic chalice and celebrate the Eucharist with an elaborately chased and decorated communion set.\r\n\r\nAlthough medieval in form, the chalice it is embellished with a fashionable design cut from applied sheet silver. The maker, Jacob Bodendeich, came from north Germany and was one of the leading goldsmiths in Restoration London. The coat of arms is that of the donor, Anthony Stephens of Epsom.","physicalDescription":"The chalice has a straight side bowl rounded off at the base with a lip slightly turned back; a baluster stem with an octagonal disk shaped into eight cusps at the lower end, from whence the stem swells into a foot with cusped sides. An ornament of acanthus leaves in relief rises from the bottom of the bowl, the same class of ornament appearing on the stem and below the disk. The bowl is engraved on the exterior with a coat of arms. The paten cover has a very wide rim. Acanthus ornament appears on the round part of the cover, and the same coat of arms is engraved on the flat of the foot.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Jacob Bodendeich","id":"A14177"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver-gilt","id":"x37998"}],"techniques":[{"text":"raising","id":"AAT237068"},{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53829"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver-gilt, raised and engraved","categories":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AC9727"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"83","id":"THES49711"},"free":"","case":"CA2B","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"83","id":"THES49711"},"free":"","case":"CA2B","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Chalice","id":""}],[{"text":"Paten","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1675-1676","earliest":"1675-05-29","latest":"1676-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Lent by the Parochial Church Council of St. Andrew, Kingswood, Surrey","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"235","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"31/08/17","earliest":"2017-08-31","latest":"2017-08-31"},"part":"height of communion cup","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"124","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"diameter of bowl of Communion cup","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"210","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Diameter of paten","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Maker's mark for Jacob Bodendeich; Coat of arms 'a chevron with a label of three points; crest, a man'shead affrontee, wreathed, on an esquire's helmet' (Stephens)","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Probably for Anthony Stephens who died in 1695 a member of the Stephens family of Epsom, Surrey who was buried at Chipstead parish church"}],"objectHistory":"This is a rare late 17th century example of the medieval form for a chalice and is embellished with fashionable cut-card work, made from applied sheet silver. Its maker, Jacob Bodendeich, came from north Germany and was one of the leading goldsmiths in Restoration London.  It is similar in form to the pair of chalices given to St. Mary's Lambeth in 1639 by the then rector Dr. Daniel Featley. This was then the form of chalice preferred by William Laud, and the Kingswood chalice represents a further revival of this form. It was not until the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 that churches could again use a Gothic chalice.\nThe arms engraved on the chalice and paten (a chevron with a label of three points; crest, a man's head affrontee, wreathed, on an esquire's helmet) have been identified as those of the Stephens family of Epsom (see Cooper, 1902). The identification was presumably suggested by the fact that members of this family are buried locally, in Chipstead Church, among them one Anthony Stephens, who died in 1695. While it is tempting to imagine that Anthony presented St Andrew's Kingswood with this chalice and paten, two factors militate strongly against this. The first is that the Kingswood church of St Andrews was only built and consecrated in the mid-nineteenth-century. The second is that the arms of the Stephens family as officially recorded do not correspond to the arms engraved on the chalice and paten. It seems the chalice and paten had no local connection, but were purchased to furnish the newly-founded church in the nineteenth century. The arms engraved on these objects remain unidentified (Bouchard, 2012).\n\nThe chalice is comparable with that dated 1672 belonging to Ingestre, Staffs (see Charles Oman, <u>English Church Plate</u>, 1957 p.209; plate 88b; its stem has been compared to the pair of gilt candelsticks from Harthill, Yorkshire, 1675 which are on loan to the Treasury, York Cathedral","historicalContext":"The Anglican Church\r\nIn 1633 William Laud became Archbishop of Canterbury. Like his contemporary Bishop Lancelot Andrewes, he regarded the Anglican church as a purified form of traditional Catholicism. Together they set out to restore the ceremonial that had been abolished with the Reformation of the previous century, including the high altar and the use of candles and incense.\r\n\r\nLaud’s intentions, however, were seen by Parliament as an attempt to overthrow the Protestant religion and in 1645 he was beheaded. It was not until the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 that churches could again use a Gothic chalice and celebrate the Eucharist with an elaborately chased and decorated communion set.","briefDescription":"A silver-gilt communion chalice and paten of medieval form given to St. Andrew's Kingswood in 1675-6","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cooper, T.S. Rev, <font -u>The Church Plate of Surrey</font>, Guilford, Surrey Archeological Society, 1902 p.245, ill."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bouchard, Brian. 'Woodcote Place. Chalk Lane, Epsom'. On-line article posted at \nhttp://www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk/WoodcotePlace.html\n[accessed 03.02.2012)"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Unique","id":"THES48864"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Communion Chalice and Paten\r\n\r\nA chalice and paten were used during Holy Communion to serve the consecrated wine and bread. In the Cromwellian period Protestant services were conducted with little ritual and only a few pieces of simple silverware. It was not until the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 that churches could again use a Gothic chalice and celebrate the Eucharist with an elaborately chased and decorated communion set.\r\n\r\nAlthough medieval in form, the chalice it is embellished with a fashionable design cut\r\nfrom applied sheet silver. The maker, Jacob Bodendeich, came from north Germany\r\nand was one of the leading goldsmiths in Restoration London. The coat of arms is that\r\nof the donor, Anthony Stephens of Epsom.\r\n\r\nLondon, England, 1675–6; by Jacob Bodendeich\r\n(1633/4–81). Silver gilt with cut-card work\r\nLent by the Parochial Church Council of\r\nSt Andrew, Kingswood, Surrey","date":{"text":"22/11/2003","earliest":"2003-11-22","latest":"2003-11-22"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:KINGSWOOD.1","LOAN:KINGSWOOD.1A"],"accessionNumberNum":"1","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:KINGSWOOD","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Chalice","Paten"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-14","recordCreationDate":"2005-02-18","availableToBook":false}}