{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O107714"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O107714/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AL0327/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AL0327/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AL0327","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AL0326","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AL0325","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AL0324","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AL0323","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011FD9836","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011FD9833","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KY9246","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020MM2055","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O107714/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O107714","accessionNumber":"1549 to H-1856","objectType":"Cutlery set","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This cutlery set containing one large knife and fork and thirteen smaller knives and forks, are carved with lion's heads. They are housed in a cylindrical leather case. Their style suggests they are likely to date from the second half of the seventeenth century, and were made in Germany, or perhaps Scandinavia. \nKnives have been used since prehistoric times, but the history of  knives, forks and spoons for eating in Europe probably commenced in the fourteenth century, and their use became accepted by the sixteenth century. Until the late seventeenth century it seems to have been common practice for people to carry their own cutlery, often in a leather case. Ebony, ivory, fish skin, tortoiseshell, amber, bone, horn and shell were all popular for decorating cutlery. Around 1730 ceramic handles were introduced to Europe from China. Although cutlers were required by their guilds to be able to make a complete knife, handles of carved ivory, silver, bronze and glass were usually imported or made by specialist craftsmen.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Cylindrical leather cutlery case containing 13 knives and 13 forks including one larger carving knife and fork with pointed blades for spearing food, all carved with lions heads. The pupils of their eyes coloured with black pigment. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"steel","id":"AAT133751"},{"text":"leather","id":"AAT11845"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Steel and ivory with silver collars, in original leather case","categories":[{"text":"Household objects","id":"THES48939"},{"text":"Accessories","id":"THES48998"},{"text":"Eating","id":"THES48963"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AL0327","2006AL0326","2006AL0325","2006AL0324","2006AL0323","2011FD9836","2011FD9833","2018KY9246","2020MM2055"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"69 (VA)","id":"THES49729"},"free":"","case":"CA004","shelf":"001","box":""},{"current":{"text":"69 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1856. <u>In</u>: <u>Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, Arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol I</u>. London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 33"},{"reference":{"text":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013","id":"AUTH329728"},"details":"p. 420","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"lion's head","id":"x43727"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["1549-1856","1549A-1856","1549B-1856","1549C-1856","1549D-1856","1549E-1856","1549F-1856","1549G-1856","1549H-1856","1549I-1856","1549J-1856","1549K-1856","1549L-1856","1549M-1856","1549N-1856","1549O-1856","1549P-1856","1549Q-1856","1549R-1856","1549S-1856","1549T-1856","1549U-1856","1549V-1856","1549W-1856","1549X-1856","1549Y-1856","1549Z-1856","1549AA-1856"],"accessionNumberNum":"1549","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1856,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Case","Fork [1]","Fork [2]","Fork [3]","Fork [4]","Fork [5]","Fork [6]","Fork [7]","knife (culinary tool) [1]","Fork [8]","Fork [9]","Fork [10]","Fork [11]","Fork [12]","Carving fork","Carving knife","knife (culinary tool) [2]","knife (culinary tool) [3]","knife (culinary tool) [4]","knife (culinary tool) [5]","knife (culinary tool) [6]","knife (culinary tool) [7]","knife (culinary tool) [8]","knife (culinary tool) [9]","knife (culinary tool) [10]","knife (culinary tool) [11]","knife (culinary tool) [12]","Lid"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-07-16","recordCreationDate":"2004-12-09","availableToBook":false}}