{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O107700"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O107700/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AE9271/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AE9271/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AE9271","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JU6307","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O107700/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O107700","accessionNumber":"M.75-1933","objectType":"Ciborium","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This ciborium, used in Roman Catholic worship to contain the consecrated bread, is an early example of a standard 18th-century form. The cast and turned stem and circular base are modelled on a contemporary candlestick pattern. The goldsmith, Benjamin Pyne, was a regular supplier of Catholic plate.","physicalDescription":"A circular moulded foot with a baluster stem, shallow bowl, with domed cover surmounted by an orb.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Pyne, Benjamin","id":"A8762"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"raising","id":"AAT237068"},{"text":"moulding","id":"AAT53134"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, raised and moulded","categories":[{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AE9271","2017JU6307"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"014","id":"THES404807"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"014","id":"THES404807"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Ciborium","id":""}],[{"text":"Lid","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1712-1713","earliest":"1712-05-29","latest":"1713-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Major Thomas Sutton Timmis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"11","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"11","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"London hallmarks for 1712-13","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Mark of Benjamin Pyne","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"This ciborium, used to contain the consecrated bread, is an early example of a standard 18th century form.  The cast and turned stem and circular base are modelled on a contemporary candlestick pattern.\n\nHistorical significance: Benjamin Pyne was a regular supplier of Catholic plate","historicalContext":"Secret Catholicism\r\nAfter the Reformation, the Roman Catholic faith was severely restricted. Catholics who refused to attend Church of England services were known as recusants and until the late 17th century they had to worship in secret. However, the Dukes of Norfolk and aristocratic families such as the Arundells at Wardour Castle encouraged Catholic communities to use their private chapels and so kept the faith alive.\r\n\r\nThe Catholic plate that survives from before the 1660s is mainly limited to chalices, paxes and pyxes. These earlier pieces are rarely marked. After 1688, Catholic plate was more often hallmarked and the range of forms expanded to include sanctuary lamps, cruets and incense boats. \r\n\r\nIn London, Catholics could worship openly in foreign embassy chapels. The silver from the Sardinian Embassy chapel can be seen in the case to the right. During the reign of Charles II, Catholic courtiers could also attend the queen’s private chapel and that of the Queen Mother, Henrietta Maria.","briefDescription":"Silver. London hallmarks for 1712-13, mark of  Benjamin Pyne","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Oman, Charles. <u>English Church Plate, 597-1830</u>. London: Oxford University Press, 1957."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Ciborium\r\nThis ciborium, used in Roman Catholic worship to contain the consecrated bread, is an early example of a standard 18th-century form. The cast and turned stem and circular base are modelled on a contemporary candlestick pattern. The goldsmith, Benjamin Pyne, was a regular supplier of Catholic plate.\r\n\r\nLondon, England, 1712–3; by Benjamin Pyne\r\n(active 1667–1732)\r\nSilver\r\nMuseum no. M.75-1933\r\nBequeathed by Major Thomas Sutton Timmis","date":{"text":"22/11/2005","earliest":"2005-11-22","latest":"2005-11-22"}}],"partNumbers":["M.75PART/1-1933","M.75-1933"],"accessionNumberNum":"75","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1933,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Lid","Ciborium"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-05-27","recordCreationDate":"2004-12-08","availableToBook":true}}