{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O106914"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O106914/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KM6708/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KM6708/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017KM6708","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KM6709","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MJ0250","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O106914","accessionNumber":"S.650&A-1981","objectType":"Theatre costume","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Costume designed by Andy Klunder for Kenneth MacMillan's ballet Gloria for The Royal Ballet first performed at the Royal Opera House on 13 March 1980. Klunder also designed the set and the original lighting was by Bill Besant.\n Descibed as ‘’a meditation upon death’s harvest in the First World War’ (Crisp 1980), Gloria is one of Kenneth MacMillan’s most important ballets danced by companies internationally and likely to stand the sets of time as a significant ballet. At its premiere the Illustrated London News May 1980 noted that the mood of the ballet ‘is enormously aided by the brilliant and imaginative designs’. \r\nThe men’s costumes are all-over lycra tights, incorporating incisions with the edges caught back and spaces infilled from the reverse to suggest disintegration. They have long sleeves caught over the hand by a loop and the whole are hand painted and dyed in tones of grey, rust brown and red with a veined design. The head dresses are skull-caps with brim and chinstrap to resemble World War 1 helmets painted and dyed to match the rest of the costume. \r\nThe costumes were made by Zeta of Switzerland and painted and dyed by Covent Garden. The head-dresses were made by Vin Burnham\n\nGloria grew out Kenneth MacMillan's reading of Vera Britten's Testament of Youth and watching war films, notably All Quiet on the Western Front.  Translating the horrors of war into balletic terms (and strict classical ballet at that) could have produced a tasteless or embarassingly comic work, but MacMillan's intention was not a realistic depiction of war, but a meditation on death and its emotional resonance.  The design problem was to suggest dead fighting men without individualising them.  MacMillan and designer Andy Klunder avoided extreme realism to suggest a deeper and more universal experience.  In the austere, bleak setting of no-man's-land, all the male figures are visually linked not by army uniforms, but by uniform lacerated body tights in colours that suggested earth, mud and blood, the muted lines like drained blood vessels or exposed nerves.  The inserted panels, revealed by the cut-away top layer, were painted to match, and from the audience gave the impression was of wounds or rotting flesh. \r\nAgainst these costumes, the girls wore silvery body tights with floating chiffon skirts, their heads and faces also silvery, suggesting that they were insubstantial memories.  The choreography and design were set in almost ironic contrast to the uplifting, joyous music -  Francis Poulenc's Gloria\n in G minor.\nAndy Klunder presented his costume designs for Gloria to the V&amp;A.","physicalDescription":"Costume for a male dancer in Kenneth MacMillan's ballet <i>Gloria</i>, designed by Andy Klunder, Royal Ballet, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, 1980","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Klunder, Andy","id":"A13805"},"association":{"text":"costume designers","id":"AAT163428"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"painting (image-making)","id":"AAT54216"},{"text":"dyeing","id":"AAT53049"},{"text":"painting (coating)","id":"AAT161986"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Hand painted and dyed lycra","categories":[{"text":"Scotland","id":"THES262877"},{"text":"Dance","id":"THES252984"},{"text":"Theatre costume","id":"THES268477"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"T&P","id":"THES48602"},"images":["2017KM6708","2017KM6709","2019MJ0250"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES404999"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES342587"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"theatre costumes","id":"x47007"}],[{"text":"dance costumes","id":"x34504"}],[{"text":"body stockings","id":"AAT253714"}],[{"text":"Theatre costume","id":""}],[{"text":"dance costume","id":"x34504"}],[{"text":"Hats","id":"AAT46106"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1980","earliest":"1980-01-01","latest":"1980-12-31"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"138","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"11/12/2017","earliest":"2017-12-11","latest":"2017-12-11"},"part":"Collar to hem","note":""},{"dimension":"","value":"","unit":"","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"42","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"11/12/2017","earliest":"2017-12-11","latest":"2017-12-11"},"part":"Shoulder to shoulder","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"0.5","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"11/12/2017","earliest":"2017-12-11","latest":"2017-12-11"},"part":"Weighed on hanger","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Given by the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Costume for a male dancer in Kenneth MacMillan's ballet <i>Gloria</i>, designed by Andy Klunder, Royal Ballet, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, 1980","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Strong, Roy, Ivor Guest, Richard Buckle, Sarah C. Woodcock and Philip Dyer, Spotlight: four centuries of ballet costume, a tribute to the Royal Ballet, London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1981.","id":"AUTH349939"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"Reason For Production: Commission","productionType":{"text":"Unique","id":"THES48864"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"MacMillan, Kenneth (Sir)","id":"N3967"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":["Gloria"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["S.650-1981","S.650A-1981"],"accessionNumberNum":"650","accessionNumberPrefix":"S","accessionYear":1981,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Theatre costume [1]","Theatre costume [2]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-24","recordCreationDate":"2004-10-29","availableToBook":false}}