{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O106899"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O106899/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GK1413/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GK1413/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GK1413","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O106899","accessionNumber":"IS.73-1979","objectType":"Drawing on paper","titles":[{"title":"Krishna","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Jamini Roy (1887-1972) was one of the most important artists of the modern period in India, drawing on the popular and folk traditions of rural Bengal for his inspiration.This sketch is one of a series in the V&A collection which show his experimentation with different subject matter.  In this sketch the artist has depicted a theme related to Hindu mythology in blue pen-and-ink. The artist has depicted nine vignettes, of which six scenes are from Krishna's childhood in his foster home, including that of the theft of butter and child Krishna suckling from cow.","physicalDescription":"Drawing, in ink on paper, in this sketch the artist has depicted a theme related to Hindu mythology in blue pen-and-ink. The artist has depicted nine vignettes, of which six scenes are from Krishna's childhood in his foster home, including that of the theft of butter and child Krishna suckling from a cow. There is one incomplete scene and the other two scenes comprise of mounted figures.  Blue pen-and-ink sketches on paper are numbered 36-43. The mounted figure of vignette 36 (top left corner) resembles Christ.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Roy, Jamini","id":"A1861"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"},{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"},{"text":"drawn","id":"x30545"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Drawn in ink on paper","categories":[{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Hinduism","id":"THES48941"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GK1413"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES403816"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":"AAT33973"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Kolkata","id":"x32018"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1942","earliest":"1937-01-01","latest":"1946-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"21.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"15.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"27.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Conservation paper upon which card is mounted","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"20.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Conservation paper upon which card is mounted","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Signatures in Bengali and numbers 36 to 43 in Bengali script on each vignette, except no.40.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Purchased from Mr J. C. Irwin in 1979 who acquired the sketch directly from the artist. RF: 79/1370","historicalContext":"Jamini Roy (1887-1972) was one of the most important artists of the modern period in India, drawing on the popular and folk traditions of rural Bengal for his inspiration. Born in Beliator, a village in the Bankura district of Bengal, Jamini was raised in a family of small landowners.\r\n\r\n In 1906 he entered the Calcutta School of Art and studied under Abanindranath Tagore, the pioneer and leading exponent of the Bengal School of Art. Abanindranath's tutorage secured Jamini's dexterity both in European and indigenous painting traditions. For a short period Jamini became a portrait painter, a skill for which he was highly regarded in Calcutta. He then experimented with Impressionistic landscapes before rejecting his European training in favour of indigenous art forms. \r\n\r\nInitially Jamini adopted the Kalighat style of painting, a popular art form with origins in the rural traditions of Bengal, but found thriving in the back streets of Calcutta. However by the 1920s, Jamini felt that Kalighat paintings had lost their rural ideal having being adapted too much to fit the requirements of their new urban environment. Jamini sought to define an authentic modern Indian art; he therefore travelled through Bengali countryside studying folk painting traditions. He developed his own personal style which was characterised by bold lines and flat use of colour. He used indigenous materials, including lamp black for the outline drawing, 7 basic colours (Indian red, yellow ochre, cadmium green, vermilion, grey, blue and white), which he applied with organic tempera, earth and mineral pigments to homemade canvas spun with fabric. His paintings can be divided into three main themes: the everyday life of rural Bengal, particularly the women of the Aboriginal Santhal community, Hindu mythological subjects and Christian imagery.\r\n\r\nJamini was a supporter of the Indian independence movement and his search for an authentic modern India was a response to this. Part of his search involved the restoration of the collaborative indigenous artisanal labour model. Thus, in his workshop he produced a range of stock motifs which his apprentices then copied- all were signed with his name. This increased the production and dissemination of original works which were then affordable to a wider body of people, not just the rich. Jamini gained an international reputation during the 1940s; his work was exhibited in London in 1946 and in New York in 1953.","briefDescription":"Drawing, scenes from Krishna's childhood, by Jamini Roy, ink on paper, Kolkata, ca. 1942","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Arts of Bengal : the heritage of Bangladesh and eastern India : an exhibition organized by the Whitechapel Art Gallery in collaboration with the Victoria and Albert Museum : 9 November-30 December 1979, Whitechapel Art Gallery ..., 12 January-17 February 1980, Manchester City Art Gallery ... . [London]: Whitechapel Art Gallery, [1979] Number: 085488047X (pbk.) :","id":"AUTH339757"},"details":"p.56","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Partha Mitter, The Triumph of Modernism India' artists and the avant-garde 1922-1947, London, 2007"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"W.G.Archer, India and Modern Art, London, 1959"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"Scenes from Krishna's childhood, Christ. ","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Christ","id":"N4624"},{"text":"Krishna","id":"N748"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"deity","id":"x31373"},{"text":"cow","id":"x30280"},{"text":"women","id":"AAT25943"},{"text":"chariot","id":"AAT219531"},{"text":"women","id":"AAT25943"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.73-1979"],"accessionNumberNum":"73","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1979,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2004-10-29","availableToBook":true}}