{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O106819"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O106819/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FV7645/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FV7645/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2012FV7645","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2012FV7648","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AD3449","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AD3450","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX4427","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JY0758","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA6973","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O106819/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O106819","accessionNumber":"20-1884","objectType":"Panel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This double-sided ivory Enkolpion is made in Russia (Moscow or Novgorod) in the sixteenth century. It belongs to a group of ivory reliefs of similar form and size, with the Dodekaorton arranged in three registers. These microscopically-carved reliefs were clearly made in large numbers over a long period in the sixteenth century and into the seventeenth. There is a close connection between the carvers of the Russian reliefs and those of the Greek crosses of Athos, and this suggests not only that the work of the Russian craftsmen was sent to the Holy Mountain but that some of the carvers were actually employed there. \r\n\r\n","physicalDescription":"Carved ivory devotional tablet with a rounded top depicting on one side the twelve feasts and on the other Christ in Majesty with saints. The front is divided into three registers. At the top is the cross, flanked by the Emperor Constantine and his Empress Helena, with two scroll-holding prophets. In the middle, Christ in Majesty is flanked by the Virgin and St John the Baptist (the <i>Deesis</i>), the archangels Michael and Gabriel and four bishop saints. At the bottom are six bearded saints with scrolls or books, a crowned (female?) saint with cross, and two further saints with crosses, all standing. On the back are the Twelve Feasts of the Eastern Church (the <i>Dodekaorton</i>), arranged in three registers of four scenes: the Annunciation, the Nativity, the Presentation in the Temple, the Baptism of Christ, the Raising of Lazarus, the Entry into Jerusalem, the Transfiguration, the Crucifixion, the Harrowing of Hell, the Ascension, the Pentecost and the Dormition of the Virgin. Above the scenes on both sides are identifying Slavonic inscriptions.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved ivory (mammoth?)","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2012FV7645","2012FV7648","2006AD3449","2006AD3450","2017JX4427","2017JY0758","2017KA6973"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"022","id":"THES395349"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Tablet","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Moscow","id":"x32457"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"or Novgorod"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"16th century","earliest":"1500-01-01","latest":"1599-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"7.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"5.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased from Ernest De Maria, London, in 1884 for £25; previous history not known. \r\n\r\nHistorical significance: the composition of the scenes with closely packed minute figures is characteristic of the work produced on Mount Athos.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Panel, carved double sided ivory panel, the Twelve feasts and Christ in Majesty with saints, Moscow or Novgorod, 16th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>List of Objects in the Art Division, South Kensington Museum acquired during the Year 1884</u> London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1885, p. 5"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Longhurst, Margaret, H. <u>Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory.</u> II. London: The Board of Education, 1929, p. 115"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Avori preziosi: un aspetto sesnoseinto dell'arte russa.</u> Milan, 1998, pp. 24-5, nos. 1-2"},{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, <u>Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550</u>, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014","id":"AUTH332632"},"details":"part II, pp. 866-867","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, <u>Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550</u>, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014, part II, pp. 866-867, cat. no. 285"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"},{"text":"Constantine","id":"N317"},{"text":"Helena, Empress (of Emperor Constantine)","id":"AUTH337011"},{"text":"Virgin","id":"N480"},{"text":"St John the Baptist","id":"N827"},{"text":"Archangel Michael","id":"N899"},{"text":"Archangel Gabriel","id":"N491"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"the Annunciation","id":"V449"},{"text":"the Nativity","id":"V23"},{"text":"The Presentation in the Temple","id":"V394"},{"text":"Baptism of Christ","id":"V168"},{"text":"Raising of Lazarus","id":"V237"},{"text":"Entry into Jerusalem","id":"V134"},{"text":"The Transfiguration","id":"V223"},{"text":"The Crucifixion","id":"V106"},{"text":"The Harrowing of Hell","id":"V107"},{"text":"The Ascension","id":"V112"},{"text":"The Pentecost","id":"V282"},{"text":"Dormition of the Virgin","id":"V133"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"bishops","id":"AAT25756"},{"text":"scrolls","id":"x37587"},{"text":"books","id":"AAT28051"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["20-1884"],"accessionNumberNum":"20","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1884,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-27","recordCreationDate":"2004-10-27","availableToBook":true}}