{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1064918"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1064918/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KP6048/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KP6048/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KP6048","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1064918/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1064918","accessionNumber":"E.1287-1926","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. \r\n","physicalDescription":"Brass rubbing of John Wybarne in knights armour including sword. On either side of him are his two wives, Edith and Agnes, in medieval ladies' clothing. Their faces are turned towards their husband, while Wybarne looks straignt ahead; all of their hands are clasped together in prayer. Underneath is a Latin inscription.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"wax rubbing on paper","categories":[{"text":"Arms & Armour","id":"THES48992"},{"text":"Memorials","id":"THES292678"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018KP6048"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Sussex","id":"x41271"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1490","earliest":"1485-01-01","latest":"1494-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"date of brass"},{"date":{"text":"ca. 1900-25","earliest":"1895-01-01","latest":"1925-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"date of rubbing "}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Nicolas E. Toke, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"863.6","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"main figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"228.6","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"main figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"454.025","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"first female figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"152.4","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"first female figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"463.55","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"second female figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"168.275","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"second female figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"69.85","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"inscription","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"600.075","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"inscription","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Brass rubbing taken at St Mary's Church, Ticehurst and presented by Nicolas E. Toke, Esq.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Brass rubbing of John Wybarne (d. 1490), and his wives Edith and Agnes, Sussex","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1926</u>, London: Board of Education, 1927."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"vol. 24","free":"<u>V&A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1277-1434</u>, 1991"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"vol. I","free":"Stephenson, Mill, <u>A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles</u>. London: Headley Brothers, 1926, and supplement, 1956. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Sussex","id":"x41271"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1287-1926"],"accessionNumberNum":"1287","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1926,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}