{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1064651"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1064651/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LE4328/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LE4328/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018LE4328","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1064651/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1064651","accessionNumber":"E.1266-1926","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. \r\n","physicalDescription":"Brass rubbing of a man, depicted in armour and with a livery collar. There is a dog at his feet. The woman is depicted in a widow's dress. Both of their hands are held together in prayer. ","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Wax rubbing of monumental brass on paper","categories":[{"text":"Arms & Armour","id":"THES48992"},{"text":"Memorials","id":"THES292678"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018LE4328"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Kent","id":"x29450"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1460","earliest":"1455-01-01","latest":"1464-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"date of brass"},{"date":{"text":"ca. 1800-1925","earliest":"1795-01-01","latest":"1925-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"date of rubbing"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Nicolas E. Toke, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"952.5","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"first figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"273.05","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"first figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"914.4","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"second figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"317.5","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"second figure","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"The original brasses were found under pews in 1916, removed from their slabs, and placed on the wall in the north transcept of Barham Church, Kent, where the rubbings were made. They were then presented by Nicholas E. Toke to the V&A. ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Brass rubbing commemorating John (d. circa 1460) and Joan Digges, Kent","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1926</u>, London: Board of Education, 1927."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>V&A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1435-1500</u>, London, 1991."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stephenson, Mill. <u>A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles.</u> London: Headley Brothers, 1926, and supplement, 1956. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"Toke, Nicholas E. (Esq)","id":"AUTH347916"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1266-1926"],"accessionNumberNum":"1266","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1926,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}