{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1064634"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1064634/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LE4312/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018LE4312/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018LE4312","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1064634/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1064634","accessionNumber":"E.3344-1938","objectType":"Brass rubbing","titles":[{"title":"Robert Greyndour and his wife, Joan","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. \r\n","physicalDescription":"Rubbing of the brass effigies of a man and his wife, possibly Robert Greyndour and Joan. The effigy of the man is damaged. The brass includes a crest depicting an iron-miner of the period equipped for work, with a candle in his mouth, a pick in his hand, and a bag of ore on his back.\r\n","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"wax rubbing of monumental brass on paper","categories":[{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Rubbings","id":"THES253217"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"},{"text":"Heraldry","id":"THES257728"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018LE4312"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gloucestershire","id":"x28892"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Rubbing would have been made on site at All Saints' Church. Original brass probably made elsewhere."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1445","earliest":"1440-01-01","latest":"1449-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Date of original brass"},{"date":{"text":"mid-1930s","earliest":"1930-01-01","latest":"1939-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Date of rubbing being taken"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Miss Gertrude A. Jones.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"1104.899","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1938","earliest":"1938-01-01","latest":"1938-12-31"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"647.699","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1938","earliest":"1938-01-01","latest":"1938-12-31"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Rubbing taken at All Saints' Church, Newland, Gloucestershire and given by Miss Gertrude A. Jones.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rubbing of the brass effigies of a man and his wife, possibly Robert Greyndour and Joan, dated ca. 1445, from All Saints' Church, Newland, Gloucestershire","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<U>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design & Department of Paintings, Accessions 1938</u>. London: The Board of Education, 1939."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>V&A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1435-1500</u>, 1991\r\n"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stephenson, Mill. <u>A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles</u>. London: Headley Brothers, 1926, and supplement, 1956. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Gloucestershire","id":"x28892"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"miners","id":"AAT25275"},{"text":"miners' candlesticks","id":"AAT180477"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.3344-1938"],"accessionNumberNum":"3344","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1938,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-15","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}