{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1063163"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1063163/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KA2577/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KA2577/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017KA2577","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JU0646","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1063163/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1063163","accessionNumber":"E.1692-1931","objectType":"Brass rubbing","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. ","physicalDescription":"Rubbing of a brass effigy of a lady, depicted in a simple dress with a head-dress containing a patterned panel. She faces forward, her hands held in prayer. Beneath the brass rubbing in the lower right register a note identifies the location of the original brass '(In vestry, under floorcloth.)'","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Duck, G. N.","id":"AUTH347648"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x30791"},"note":"There is a note beneath the brass rubbing signed with this name."}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"wax rubbing of monumental brass on paper","categories":[{"text":"Rubbings","id":"THES253217"},{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2017KA2577","2017JU0646"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Hertfordshire","id":"x29452"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Rubbing would have been made on site. Original brass probably made elsewhere."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1370","earliest":"1365-01-01","latest":"1374-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"This is the date the monumental brass was made. "},{"date":{"text":"05.03.1898","earliest":"1898-03-05","latest":"1898-03-05"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"This date is noted beneath the rubbing and indiates when the rubbing was made."}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"933.45","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1931","earliest":"1931-01-01","latest":"1931-12-31"},"part":"","note":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches."},{"dimension":"Width","value":"285.75","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1931","earliest":"1931-01-01","latest":"1931-12-31"},"part":"","note":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches."}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"A Lady, unknown, c. 1370. (In vestry, under floorcloth.) Berkhampstead Church, Herts. 5.3.98. \nG. N. Duck.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Rubbing taken by G. N. Duck at Berkhamsted Church, Herfordshire on 05.03.1898.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rubbing of a brass effigy of a lady, possibly Margaret Briggs, ca. 1370, Great Berkhamsted Church, Hertfordshire. ","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"vol. 24","free":"<u>V&A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1277-1434</u>, 1991\n"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"vol. III","free":"Stephenson, Mill,<u> A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles</u>. London: Headley Brothers, 1926, and supplement, 1956. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Hertfordshire","id":"x29452"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1692-1931"],"accessionNumberNum":"1692","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1931,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-05-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}