{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1054399"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1054399/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LL6492/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LL6492/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2019LL6492","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1054399/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1054399","accessionNumber":"E.2358-1929","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. ","physicalDescription":"Rubbing of a two line Latin inscription from the brass commemorating Katherine Dunnyng, who died in 1479.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Wax rubbing of monumental brass on paper","categories":[{"text":"Rubbings","id":"THES253217"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"},{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2019LL6492"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Norwich","id":"x29054"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Rubbing from brass in Church of St John, Timberhill, Norwich. Original brass probably made elsewhere."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1479","earliest":"1479-01-01","latest":"1479-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"This is the date the monumental brass was made. The rubbing is likely to have been made in the 19th or early 20th century."}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"2.375","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1929","earliest":"1929-01-01","latest":"1929-12-31"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"10.375","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1929","earliest":"1929-01-01","latest":"1929-12-31"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from <u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1929</u>, London: Board of Education, 1930.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Rubbing taken at the Church of St John, Timberhill, Norwich.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rubbing of an inscription from the brass of Katherine Dunnyng, dated 1479, from the Church of St John Timberhill, Norwich","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1929</u>, London: Board of Education, 1930."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stephenson, Mill. <u>A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles.</u> London: Headley Brothers, 1926, and supplement, 1956. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"Dunnyng, Katherine","id":"AUTH328494"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"inscriptions","id":"AAT28702"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.2358-1929"],"accessionNumberNum":"2358","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1929,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}