{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1054368"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1054368/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KR4119/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KR4119/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KR4119","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1054368/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1054368","accessionNumber":"E.106-1930","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. ","physicalDescription":"Rubbing of a three line inscription in gothic script.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Wax rubbing of monumental brass on paper","categories":[{"text":"Rubbings","id":"THES253217"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018KR4119"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"British Museum","id":"x38890"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Rubbing would have been made on site at the British Museum. Original brass made elsewhere."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1459","earliest":"1459-01-01","latest":"1459-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"This is the date the monumental brass was made. The rubbing is likely to have been made in the 19th or early 20th century."}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Miss K. Sproule","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"73.025","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1930","earliest":"1930-01-01","latest":"1930-12-31"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"352.425","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1930","earliest":"1930-01-01","latest":"1930-12-31"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches.","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Hic iacet Mr Johes Bernard quonda Thesaurari et Residenciari ecclie Chathis Wellen qui obiit penultimo die April Ao dni M CCCC lix cui aie ppiciet de amen.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Rubbing taken from a brass at the British Museum (museum no. 1880,0513.4). The brass was likely to have been from Wells Cathedral. The rubbing was given by Miss K. Sproule.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rubbing of an inscription from the brass of John Bernard, treasurer and residentiary of Wells Cathderal,dated 1459, in the British Museum","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>V&amp;A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1435-1500</u>, London, 1991."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stephenson, Mill. <u>A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles</u>. London: Headley Brothers, 1926, and supplement, 1956. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Wells","id":"x34177"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[{"text":"British Museum","id":"C95"}],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"inscriptions","id":"AAT28702"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.106-1930"],"accessionNumberNum":"106","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1930,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}