{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1054221"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1054221/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KR4720/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KR4720/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KR4720","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1054221/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1054221","accessionNumber":"E.6-1950","objectType":"Brass rubbing","titles":[{"title":"John Hornley","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. ","physicalDescription":"Rubbing of an inscription of 12 verses in Latin, depicted on an unrolled scroll.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"C168"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":"Identity of both original brass-maker and 20th-century creator unclear."}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Wax rubbing of monumental brass on paper","categories":[{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Commemoration","id":"THES250532"},{"text":"Rubbings","id":"THES253217"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018KR4720"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A001","id":"THES384089"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Dartford","id":"x32346"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Rubbing would have been made on site at Dartford Church. Original brass probably made elsewhere prior to its installation."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1477","earliest":"1477-01-01","latest":"1477-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Date the monumental brass was made"},{"date":{"text":"second quarter 20th century","earliest":"1925-01-01","latest":"1950-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Date of rubbing being taken"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mrs E.R.M. Morris","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"184.15","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1950","earliest":"1950-01-01","latest":"1950-12-31"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"571.5","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1950","earliest":"1950-01-01","latest":"1950-12-31"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from the Print Room's Print Catalogue and converted from inches.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"20th century rubbing of a brass of John Hornley in Darford Church, Kent. Given by Mrs. E.R.M. Morris. ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rubbing of an inscription from the brass of John Hornley,dated 1477, in Dartford Church, Kent","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>V&amp;A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1435-1500</u>, London, 1991."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stephenson, Mill. <u>A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles</u>. London, 1926 and Appendix, 1938."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Kent","id":"x29450"},{"text":"Dartford","id":"x32346"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Inscription","id":"AAT28702"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.6-1950"],"accessionNumberNum":"6","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1950,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}