{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1052650"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1052650/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KJ5400/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KJ5400/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017KJ5400","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1052650/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1052650","accessionNumber":"E.1429-1926","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Robert Herward","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"Monumental brasses are commemorative plaques that served as effigies and were most commonly found in churches. The earliest examples come from the thirteenth century but they were popular up until the seventeenth century and then again in the Victorian Gothic Revival. Surviving brasses from the medieval period are limited due to the turbulent history of the Church but they do survive in considerable numbers in the East of England, Germany and Flanders. Made from an alloy of copper and zinc, a material known as latten, they were laid into church floors and walls. Monumental brasses are historically and stylistically significant because they record dress, architecture, armoury, heraldry (coats of arms and insignia) and palaeography (handwriting) in a dated object. In addition they tell the story of memorial and patronage. \n\r\nThe practice of recording brasses through a process of rubbing originates from the Victorian Gothic Revival. An early method of pouring printer’s ink into engraved lines and then placing damp tissue paper over the brass was replaced around the mid-nineteenth century with the more effective technique of using black shoemaker’s wax, known as heel ball. Brass rubbing continued to be a popular hobby into the twentieth century before the process was understood to cause damage to the brasses. ","physicalDescription":"20th century brass rubbing of a brass effigy of Robert Herward, depicted in armour with hands held in prayer. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":"identity of original maker of brass and of rubber."}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"rubbing","id":"AAT178924"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"wax rubbing on paper","categories":[{"text":"Rubbings","id":"THES253217"},{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2017KJ5400"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES383904"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"brass rubbing","id":"x38760"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Norfolk","id":"x29040"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Rubbing would have been made on site. Original brass probably made elsewhere."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1481","earliest":"1481-01-01","latest":"1481-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"This is the date the monumental brass was made. The rubbing is likely to have been made in the 19th or early 20th century."},{"date":{"text":"first quarter 20th century","earliest":"1900-01-01","latest":"1925-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"date of rubbing being taken"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Ernest W. Morley, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"657.225","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"","note":"Measurements are taken from the Print's Room Catalogue and have been converted from inches."},{"dimension":"Width","value":"184.15","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"1927","earliest":"1927-01-01","latest":"1927-12-31"},"part":"","note":"Measurements are taken from the Print's Room Catalogue and have been converted from inches."}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Brass rubbing taken of an effigy brass of Robert Herward depicted  in armour. 1481, Aldborough Church, Norfolk.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"20th century brass rubbing of a brass effigy of Robert Herward, depicted in armour. 1481. Aldborough Church, Norfolk.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>V&amp;A Print Room's Print Catalogue: BRASS RUBBINGS CATALOGUE 1435-1500</u> (1991), vol. 25"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Norfolk","id":"x29040"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Armour","id":"AAT36745"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1429-1926"],"accessionNumberNum":"1429","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1926,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}