{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O104246"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O104246/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019MK1428/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019MK1428/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2019MK1428","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020MM5625","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020MM5626","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020MM5627","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O104246/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O104246","accessionNumber":"210-1903","objectType":"Spoon","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This long-handled spoon was probably used to serve gravy at table. The design of the spoon handle became popular in England in the mid-eighteenth century and continues to be produced today. Records of the London goldsmiths' Garrard for 1760 include customer orders for spoons and forks which are described as 'turn'd back'. This is almost certainly a reference to pieces like this, in which the finial turns back or down so that they can be laid on the table with the bowl or tines uppermost (as we would set them on the table today). Turned back finials are unlike the French patterns which English goldsmiths imitated during the second half of the eighteenth century, and consequently this distinctive style has come to be known as 'Old English'. The decoration round the edge of the spoon is an example of bright-cutting, a form of engraving in which facets, not lines, were cut into the surface of the silver. Since the facets are cut at different angles, they reflect light and make the metal appear to sparkle. It was a decorative technique made possible by the development of better-quality cutting tools in the 1770s, thanks to manufacturing methods that improved the quality of steel.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Spoon, silver, old English pattern with a double drop, the edge of the stem and finial decorated with bright-cutting; the finial engraved with the intitals 'EP' in monogramme. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"William Cattell","id":"AUTH356600"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"forging (metal forming)","id":"AAT54033"},{"text":"engraving (incising)","id":"AAT53829"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, forged and engraved","categories":[{"text":"Eating","id":"THES48963"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Silver","id":"THES251836"},{"text":"Tableware & cutlery","id":"THES48888"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2019MK1428","2020MM5625","2020MM5626","2020MM5627"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES335741"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Spoon","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1783-1784","earliest":"1783-05-29","latest":"1784-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Gift of J.H. Fitzhenry","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"30","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"14/02/2020","earliest":"2020-02-14","latest":"2020-02-14"},"part":"Tip of finial to tip of bowl","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"111","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"14/02/2020","earliest":"2020-02-14","latest":"2020-02-14"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Engraved with the initials EP","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Unidentified"},{"content":"London hallmarks for 1783-84","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Mark of William Cattell","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"This spoon was part of a collection of objects on loan to the Museum from Mr E. Heron Allen between 1897 and 1903. In 1903 the collection was purchased by Mr J. H. Fitzhenry, and presented by him to the South Kensington Museum.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Spoon, silver, London hallmarks for 1783-84, possibly mark of William Cattell.  ","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Ian Pickford, <u>Silver Flatware, English, Irish and Scottish, 1660-1980</u>, Woodbridge, Antique Collectors; Club, 1983.  ISBN. 0907462359"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Grimwade, Arthur G.. <u>London Goldsmiths 1697-1837. Their Marks and Lives</u>. 1st  edn. London: Faber and Faber, 1976.\r\n"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"initials (abbreviations)","id":"AAT28709"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"210-1903\r\nGravy spoon.\r\nLondon Hallmark 1783-84.\r\nMark W. C.","date":{"text":"Pre-2000","earliest":"2000-01-01","latest":"2000-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["210-1903"],"accessionNumberNum":"210","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1903,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-08","recordCreationDate":"2004-09-10","availableToBook":true}}